Chapter 7: Vitamins Flashcards
1
Q
What are vitamins?
A
- essential
- non-caloric organic
- helps in cell functions
2
Q
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
A
Vitamins A, D, E, K
- dissolves in lipids
- requires bile for absorption
- transported in lymph
- stored in tissues
3
Q
Describe vitamin A
A
- retinol and beta carotene
- vision (rod cells), gene expression, immune (WBC), reproduction (cell differentiation), bone growth
- beef liver, fish oil, fortified milk, dark orange and green veg
- antioxidant
- keritinization>xerosis(dry cornea)>xerophthalmia(blindness)
4
Q
Describe vitamin D
A
- cholecalciferol
- regulates blood calcium and phosphorus
- hormones
- fortified milk and margarine, eggs, butter, fish
- rickets and osteomalacia
- deficiency increases with age
5
Q
Describe vitamin E
A
- tocopherol (alpha,beta,delta,gamma)
- antioxidant
- needed in blood
- picks O-charge
- vegetable oil, fruits and veg, fortified cereal and grains, meats and milk products, nuts
- jaundice
6
Q
Describe vitamin K
A
- blood clotting and bone protein synthesis
- antibiotics decrease production
- E.coli
- all newborns given vit-k injection
- vegs,liver,eggs,milk,beans
7
Q
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
A
Vitamins C and B
- dissolve in water
- easily absorbed and excreted
- not stored in tissues
8
Q
Describe vitamin C
A
- maintenance of collagen
- antioxident
- immune functions
- iron absorption
- fruits, vegs
- scurvy
- ascorbic acid
9
Q
Describe B vitamins
A
- coenzymes
- energy metabolism
- thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin,vit B6,folate, vit B12
10
Q
Describe thiamin
A
- nerve processes
- pork, legumes, seeds, whole grains
- outer layer of foods
- beriberi
- syndrome
11
Q
Describe riboflavin
A
- energy metabolism
- supports vision and skin
- enriched grain, milk, vegs, meats, eggs
- ariboflavinosis (cracks in skin)
12
Q
Describe niacin
A
- energy metabolism
- tryptophan can be converted to niacin
- enriched whole grains, cereals, baked products, legumes, vegs, mushrooms, meat =, milk, fish, eggs
- pellagra
- 4 D’s
- lowers blood cholesterol
13
Q
Describe folate
A
-new cells synthesis
-formation of DNA
-vegs (uncooked), asparagus, fruit, legumes, seeds, liver
fortified flour
-macrocytic anaemia
-hyperhomocysteinemia
14
Q
Describe vitamin B12
A
- myelin sheath
- coenzymes
- fermented products, animals, fungi.algae, fortified soymilk
- folate and b12 depend on each other
- macrocytic anaemia
- injections if cant be absorbed
15
Q
Describe vit B6
A
- Pyridoxine
- protein and fatty acid metabolism, synthesis of haemoglobin, synthesis of niacin from tryptophan, immune functions, brain
- vegs, meat, fish, legumes, fruits, whole grains
