Chapter 1: Nutrition Flashcards
What is meant by ‘nutrition’?
Nutrition is a study of:
- Nutrients in food
- How nutrients are used in the body
- Human behaviour related to food
What is meant by ‘diet’?
The foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks
What is meant by ‘food’?
Any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and healthy through nutrients present in the substance
What is meant by ‘health’?
The state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality
What is meant by ‘nutritional genomics’?
The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activity of nutrients
What is meant by ‘chronic illness’?
Any illness that takes a long time to develop and typically cannot be fully cured
Give some examples of chronic illness
- Cancer
- Type 2 diabetes
- Heart disease
What is meant by an ‘epigenomic mark’?
- Change in gene expression
- Can be transferred to egg/sperm
- Can (rarely) lead to cancer
Can epigenomic marks be erased?
Yes, they can be erased as the cell heals if not exposed to the same surroundings
-eg: if a person with lung defect due to parent smoking is not exposed to smoke
What are nutrients?
Components in food that are essential for the functioning of the body
nutrients provide:
- energy
- building material (eg: calcium)
- Helps maintain/repair the body/growth
What are the three energy-providing nutrients?
- Fats
- Carbs
- Proteins
Name some other nutrients
- minerals
- vitamins
- water
What is meant by ‘essential nutrients’?
Nutrients that the body can not make for itself from other raw materials
What are ‘conditionally essential nutrients’?
Nutrients that the body can not make enough to meet the requirements for health
(eg: amino acid histidine to support protein synthesis during growth)
Name the 8 essential amino acids
TV TILL PM
- Threonine
- Valine
- Tryptophan
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Phenylalanine
- Methionine
Name 2 essential fatty acids
- Linoleic acid
- Linolenic acid
Name 3 essential vitamins
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
Name a non-essential vitamin
Vitamin K
What are the conversions for food energy?
CAPF
- 1g Carb = 4 Cal
- 1g Alcohol = 7 Cal
- 1g Protein = 4 Cal
- 1g Fat = 9 Cal
Define 1kcal
Amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of 1ml of water by 1 degree celsius
What is included in a healthy diet
- Balance
- Adequate
- Calorie control
- Moderation
- Variety
What are the factors that impact our food choices?
- Availability, cost, convenience
- Emotional, social, cultural
- Media
- Habit, positive association
- Weight, nutritional value
Farah starts planning her new diet by reading the Nutrition Facts panel on foods and focusing on the % Daily Value. She learns that ___% means a little and ___% means a lot.
a. 15; 25
b. 10; 25
c. 5; 20
d. 1; 10
e. 5; 15
E
