Chapter 1: Nutrition

Question 1

What is meant by ‘nutrition’?

Answer 1

Nutrition is a study of:

• Nutrients in food
• How nutrients are used in the body
• Human behaviour related to food

Question 2

What is meant by ‘diet’?

Answer 2

The foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks

Question 3

What is meant by ‘food’?

Answer 3

Any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and healthy through nutrients present in the substance

Question 4

What is meant by ‘health’?

Answer 4

The state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality

Question 5

What is meant by ‘nutritional genomics’?

Answer 5

The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activity of nutrients

Question 6

What is meant by ‘chronic illness’?

Answer 6

Any illness that takes a long time to develop and typically cannot be fully cured

Question 7

Give some examples of chronic illness

Answer 7

• Cancer
• Type 2 diabetes
• Heart disease

Question 8

What is meant by an ‘epigenomic mark’?

Answer 8

• Change in gene expression
• Can be transferred to egg/sperm
• Can (rarely) lead to cancer

Question 9

Can epigenomic marks be erased?

Answer 9

Yes, they can be erased as the cell heals if not exposed to the same surroundings

-eg: if a person with lung defect due to parent smoking is not exposed to smoke

Question 10

What are nutrients?

Answer 10

Components in food that are essential for the functioning of the body

nutrients provide:

• energy
• building material (eg: calcium)
• Helps maintain/repair the body/growth

Question 11

What are the three energy-providing nutrients?

Answer 11

• Fats
• Carbs
• Proteins

Question 12

Name some other nutrients

Answer 12

• minerals
• vitamins
• water

Question 13

What is meant by ‘essential nutrients’?

Answer 13

Nutrients that the body can not make for itself from other raw materials

Question 14

What are ‘conditionally essential nutrients’?

Answer 14

Nutrients that the body can not make enough to meet the requirements for health
(eg: amino acid histidine to support protein synthesis during growth)

Question 15

Name the 8 essential amino acids

Answer 15

TV TILL PM

• Threonine
• Valine
• Tryptophan
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Lysine
• Phenylalanine
• Methionine

Question 16

Name 2 essential fatty acids

Answer 16

• Linoleic acid

- Linolenic acid

Question 17

Name 3 essential vitamins

Answer 17

• Vitamin A
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E

Question 18

Name a non-essential vitamin

Answer 18

Vitamin K

Question 19

What are the conversions for food energy?

Answer 19

CAPF

• 1g Carb = 4 Cal
• 1g Alcohol = 7 Cal
• 1g Protein = 4 Cal
• 1g Fat = 9 Cal

Question 20

Define 1kcal

Answer 20

Amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of 1ml of water by 1 degree celsius

Question 21

What is included in a healthy diet

Answer 21

• Balance
• Adequate
• Calorie control
• Moderation
• Variety

Question 22

What are the factors that impact our food choices?

Answer 22

• Availability, cost, convenience
• Emotional, social, cultural
• Media
• Habit, positive association
• Weight, nutritional value

Question 23

Farah starts planning her new diet by reading the Nutrition Facts panel on foods and focusing on the % Daily Value. She learns that ___% means a little and ___% means a lot.

a. 15; 25
b. 10; 25
c. 5; 20
d. 1; 10
e. 5; 15

Answer 23

E