Chapter 7 Ventilation, Perfusion And Shock

Question 1

Chemoreceptors

Answer 1

Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

Electrolytes

Answer 2

A substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles

Important electrolytes include potassium, sodium, and magnesium

Question 3

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 3

The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize Glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.
16x more then anaerobic metabolism

Question 4

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 4

The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without or with minimal Oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.
More CO2 and lactic/Pyruvic Acid

Question 5

Permeability

Answer 5

Ability to effectively transfer fluid’s, electrolytes, and other substances in and out of the cell

Question 6

FiO2

Answer 6

Fraction of inspired oxygen, the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe

Question 7

Tidal volume

Answer 7

The volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

Question 8

Minute Volume

Answer 8

Amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute

Question 9

Respiratory Rate

Answer 9

Breaths per minute

Question 10

Patent airway

Answer 10

Open pathway

Question 11

Dead airspace

Answer 11

Tidal volume occupies the space between the mouth and Alveoli but does not actually reach the area of gas exchange. about 150 mL

Question 12

Disruption of respiratory controls

Answer 12

Anything that disrupts the Medulla Oblongata

Examples: Stroke, infection, drugs, narcotics, spinal injury

Question 13

Medulla oblongata

Answer 13

Section of the brain that controls Respiratory Rate and Volume

Question 14

Disruption of Respiratory pressure

Answer 14

Filling of pleural space by: Blood fluid or air that results in impairment of lung function or also collapsing the lung or lungs
Examples: trauma, internal bleeding, hole in chest

Question 15

Pleural space

Answer 15

Slight space between lung tissue and chest wall

Question 16

Disruption of lung tissue

Answer 16

When lung tissue is displaced or destroyed by mechanical force – Trauma - It cannot exchange gas
Another example would be medical problems such as congestive heart failure or severe sepsis.

When this happens Alveolar Capillaries can either receive oxygen or offload carbon dioxide normally

Question 17

Plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 17

The pool exerted by a large proteins in the plasma portion of the body that tends to ”pull water from the body into the bloodstream”

Question 18

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 18

The pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel