Chapter 6 Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
Clavicle
Collarbone
Located anteriorly
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Located posteriorly
Acromion process
Of the Scapula is the highest portion of the shoulder
Acromioclavicular joint
Where acromion process and clavicle join
Humerus
The bone of upper arm between shoulder and the elbow
Radius and ulna
Radius - lateral bone of forearm
Ulna - medial bone of forearm
Carpals
The wrist bones
Metacarpals
Bones of the hand
Phalanges
Finger bones or toe bones
Femur
The large bone of the thigh
Patella
Kneecap
Tibia
Medial and larger bone of the lower leg
Fibula
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
Malleolus
Ankle bone - protrusions on side of ankles
There’s the •lateral malleolus and •medial malleolus
Tarsals
Ankle bones
Matatarsals
Foot bones
Calcaneus
Heel bone
Joints
The point where two bones come together
Voluntary muscles
Skeletal muscles - Muscles that can be consciously controlled
Involuntary muscles
Smooth muscle - muscle that responds automaticallyTo brain signals but cannot be consciously control
Cardiac muscle
Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
Automaticity
The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
Respiratory system
The system of both nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea, bronchi and alveoli that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide also called the pulmonary system
Ventilation
The process of moving gases between inhaled air in the pulmonary circulation of blood
Respiration
The exchange of gases.
Both in the lungs and at the body’s cells is critical to support life
Cardiovascular system
The system made up of the heart (Cardio) and the blood vessels (Vascular) Also called circulatory system
Atria
The two upper chambers of the heart. There is the right atrium which receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body and
the left atrium which receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
Ventricles
The two lower chambers of the heart there is a right ventricle
(which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs)
and a left ventricle (which sends oxygen rich blood to the body)
Venae cavae
Superior and the inferior vena cavae Are two large veins that return blood to the heart
Artery
Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
Coronary arteries
blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
Pulmonary veins
The vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs the left atrium of the heart
Vein
Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
venule
The smallest kind of vein
Aorta
The largest artery in the body
Pulmonary artery
The vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Carotid artery
Major artery of the neck
Femoral artery
Major artery supplying the legs
Brachial artery
Artery of the upper arm, the site of the pulse checked during infancy CPR
Radial artery
Artery of the lower arm; artery felt when taking the pulse at the Thumb side of the wrist
Posterior tibial artery
Arteries supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle (malleolus)
Arteriole
Smallest kind of artery
Capillary
Tiny blood vessel’s where gases nutrients and waste products exchange between the body cells and the bloodstream
Composition of blood
- Plasma
- Red and White Blood Cells
- platelets
Blood pressure
The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure is measured
Systolic blood pressure
The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation
Diastolic Blood pressure
The pressure in the arteries When the left ventricle is refilling.
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through capillaries
hypoperfusion
In ability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition also called shock
Lymphatic system
The system composed of organs tissues and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the bodies immune system
Nervous system
The system of brain,spinal cord and nerves that govern sensations movement and thought
Central Nervous System
Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
Two types: Sensory and motor
Autonomic nervous system
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions
Mouth and esophagus
Only parts of the digestive system that is not in the abdominal cavity
Stomach
Part of Digestion System
Between esophagus and small intestines where digestion begins
Small intestines
Part of digestion system
Between stomach and large intestines
- divides into Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum
Receives partially digested food and continues.
- Nutrients absorbed by body through its walls
Large intestines
Part of digestion system
Removes water from waste products then moved to Colon
Liver
Part of digestion system
- produces bile which is excreted into small intestines
- assists in breakdown of fats
Gallbladder
Part of Digestive System
Storage system for bike from the Liver
Thyroid cartilage
Wing shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple
Cricoid cartilage
A ring shaped structure
Forms the lower portion of the larynx
Has 16 C shaped rings
Pharynx
The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and a nasopharynx
Larynx
The voicebox
Trachea
The wind pipe, the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
Bronchi
The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the Longs. There are right and left bronchi
Diaphragm
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity a major muscle of respiration
Intercostal muscles
The muscles of the rib cage with the help of the diaphragm that help with inhalation and exhalation
Pancreas
Produces a hormone called insulin
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Artery that lies on top of foot lateral two large tendon of big toe
Cardiac conduction system
System of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
Sinoatrial node
Main pacemaker for the heart
Atrioventricular node
Secondary pacemaker in heart
Plasma
Fluid portion in blood vessels
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen
White blood cells
Aid immune system, Produce anti-bodies and destroy germs
Plateletes
Aid in clotting
