Chapter 7 - Urban Planning and Development Flashcards
when did the world urban population exceed the rural population?
2007
what country has the most urban residents?
China
urbanization
the spread and growth of cities OR the increasing proportion of population living in urban areas
T/F:
In 1950, the world population was 2.5 billion and mostly rural; in 2020, it was 7.8 billion and mostly urban
True
megacity
cities with over 10 million inhabitants
T/F:
Tokyo, among other cities in the more developed world is expected to decline in population (while places like NYC, London, and LA are expected to experience flat growth)
True, the world’s largest megacities will experience flat growth
T/F: the next megacities created over the next decaede will be in less developed countries?
True
What city is projected to be hte largest in 2030
Delhi
T/F:
In 1950, low income countries had the lowest share of urban populations while high income countries had the highest proportion; however, this gap has narrowed as the populations within low income countries has grown and the gap is now 7 percentage points
True
city
a legally incorporated, self-governing unit
an inhabited place of greater size, population or importance than a town or village
urban areas
the built up area surrounding and including an incorporated municipality, such as a city
typically assessed by some combination of population size, population density and the nature of residents’ employment
metropolitan area
A region comprising two or more functionally connected urban areas and the less densely populated (or built-up) areas between them
urban sprawl
Urban sprawl: The largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into rural areas
census metropolitan area
Formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core
census agglomeration
Formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core).
A CA must have at least 10,000
describe the basic process of how ancient cities were formed
argicultural surplus was achieved (people stopped moving around), then trading centres were adopted to sell goods, people would travel to these places to trade; fortresses were built for defense and administration, then religious temples were made;
finally cities were formed
neolithic revolution (Urban revolution)
the gradual transition of human subsistence beginning about 12,000 years ago, from dependence upon foraging (hunting and gathering) to food production through plant and animal domestication
describe how the agricultural revolution and industrial revolution combined to form many of the cities we now have today
agricultural surplus was achieved by farmers
farmers began selling excess goods
industrial revolution created factory jobs in urban areas
farmers moved from rural areas to urban ones and these cities began expanding
the urban system
a grouping of urban settlements that are hierarchically defined and functionally related
An example is Edmonton, St. Albert, Sherwood Park, Ardrossan, and Leduc
Urban Systems Theory (why do we have cities of different size and complexity)
The theory considers their function in an urban hierarchy and suggests its economic and political function determines its complexity
Primate and Gateway cities…
primate city
largest city in an urban system, that dominates the economic, social and political life; the capital and twice as large as the next biggest city ( like NYC )
gateway city
a city that is the main access point to a region, via an airport, sea port, or rail centre; a city in which multiple cultures are absorbed and assimilated
(like Vancouver, Chicago)
central place theory
“A theory to explain the spatial distribution of urban centres with respect to their size and function”
Argues there was one large core centre and many smaller centres surrounded it (making up the hinterland)
hinterland
Hinterland: The market area surrounding a central place; the spatial area from which the providers of goods and services in a central place draw their customers
centrality
the most strategic location for a firm is one that minimises travel costs; firms naturally seek to locate at the centre of their markets
central place
the most strategic location for a firm is one that minimises travel costs; firms naturally seek to locate at the centre of their markets
range
The maximum distance that people are prepared to travel to obtain a particular good or service
threshold
The minimum number of people required to support the existence of a particular economic function
global city
a city that is an important node in the global economy, dominant in global urban hierarchy and sometimes called a world city; has corporate HQs
more than just high in population
Globalisation and World Cities (GAWC) Research Network
Characterised cities as alpha, beta, or gamma
Most of the top cities are in the more developed countries and the most important links between these cities are economic factors
(Toronto is the only Canadian alpha city)
