Chapter 7 - Urban Planning and Development

Question 1

when did the world urban population exceed the rural population?

Answer 1

2007

Question 2

what country has the most urban residents?

Answer 2

China

Question 3

urbanization

Answer 3

the spread and growth of cities OR the increasing proportion of population living in urban areas

Question 4

T/F:
In 1950, the world population was 2.5 billion and mostly rural; in 2020, it was 7.8 billion and mostly urban

Answer 4

True

Question 5

megacity

Answer 5

cities with over 10 million inhabitants

Question 6

T/F:
Tokyo, among other cities in the more developed world is expected to decline in population (while places like NYC, London, and LA are expected to experience flat growth)

Answer 6

True, the world’s largest megacities will experience flat growth

Question 7

T/F: the next megacities created over the next decaede will be in less developed countries?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What city is projected to be hte largest in 2030

Answer 8

Delhi

Question 9

T/F:

In 1950, low income countries had the lowest share of urban populations while high income countries had the highest proportion; however, this gap has narrowed as the populations within low income countries has grown and the gap is now 7 percentage points

Answer 9

True

Question 10

city

Answer 10

a legally incorporated, self-governing unit

an inhabited place of greater size, population or importance than a town or village

Question 11

urban areas

Answer 11

the built up area surrounding and including an incorporated municipality, such as a city

typically assessed by some combination of population size, population density and the nature of residents’ employment

Question 12

metropolitan area

Answer 12

A region comprising two or more functionally connected urban areas and the less densely populated (or built-up) areas between them

Question 13

urban sprawl

Answer 13

Urban sprawl: The largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into rural areas

Question 14

census metropolitan area

Answer 14

Formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core

Question 15

census agglomeration

Answer 15

Formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core).

A CA must have at least 10,000

Question 16

describe the basic process of how ancient cities were formed

Answer 16

argicultural surplus was achieved (people stopped moving around), then trading centres were adopted to sell goods, people would travel to these places to trade; fortresses were built for defense and administration, then religious temples were made;

finally cities were formed

Question 17

neolithic revolution (Urban revolution)

Answer 17

the gradual transition of human subsistence beginning about 12,000 years ago, from dependence upon foraging (hunting and gathering) to food production through plant and animal domestication

Question 18

describe how the agricultural revolution and industrial revolution combined to form many of the cities we now have today

Answer 18

agricultural surplus was achieved by farmers

farmers began selling excess goods

industrial revolution created factory jobs in urban areas

farmers moved from rural areas to urban ones and these cities began expanding

Question 19

the urban system

Answer 19

a grouping of urban settlements that are hierarchically defined and functionally related

An example is Edmonton, St. Albert, Sherwood Park, Ardrossan, and Leduc

Question 20

Urban Systems Theory (why do we have cities of different size and complexity)

Answer 20

The theory considers their function in an urban hierarchy and suggests its economic and political function determines its complexity

Primate and Gateway cities…

Question 21

primate city

Answer 21

largest city in an urban system, that dominates the economic, social and political life; the capital and twice as large as the next biggest city ( like NYC )

Question 22

gateway city

Answer 22

a city that is the main access point to a region, via an airport, sea port, or rail centre; a city in which multiple cultures are absorbed and assimilated
(like Vancouver, Chicago)

Question 23

central place theory

Answer 23

“A theory to explain the spatial distribution of urban centres with respect to their size and function”

Argues there was one large core centre and many smaller centres surrounded it (making up the hinterland)

Question 24

hinterland

Answer 24

Hinterland: The market area surrounding a central place; the spatial area from which the providers of goods and services in a central place draw their customers

Question 25

centrality

Answer 25

the most strategic location for a firm is one that minimises travel costs; firms naturally seek to locate at the centre of their markets

Question 26

central place

Answer 26

the most strategic location for a firm is one that minimises travel costs; firms naturally seek to locate at the centre of their markets

Question 27

range

Answer 27

The maximum distance that people are prepared to travel to obtain a particular good or service

Question 28

threshold

Answer 28

The minimum number of people required to support the existence of a particular economic function

Question 29

global city

Answer 29

a city that is an important node in the global economy, dominant in global urban hierarchy and sometimes called a world city; has corporate HQs

more than just high in population

Question 30

Globalisation and World Cities (GAWC) Research Network

Answer 30

Characterised cities as alpha, beta, or gamma

Most of the top cities are in the more developed countries and the most important links between these cities are economic factors

(Toronto is the only Canadian alpha city)