Chapter 3 - An Unequal World Flashcards
These are…
“The world population is growing but the rate of growth is slowing
the global fertility rate has continued to decline to 2.3 births per woman
the global population is projected to peak at around 10.4 billion in 2086”
Population dynamics
what are some of the factors that can lead to uneven development in the world
imperialism & colonialism
exploitative or “dependent” modes of development
wealth creation and poverty
UN SDGs
T/F: The World Bank thinks the world’s urban population will double by 2050, reaching 7/10 households living in cities.
True
Describe each:
16-18th Century Civilizing process
18-19th Century Capitalism
1940-1980s Growth & Modernization
1980-Present Neoliberal process
civ.: colonializing and exploiting non-western cultures
cap.: laissez faire, division of labor, class conflict
g&m.: modernization theory through tech transfer from developed cntries
neo: free market led reforms led by global institutions
A Ladder of Growth and Progress:
analysis of cultural and economic change that treats each country or region independently in an evolutionary manner;
assumes all will proceed through the same stages of development
ethnocentrism
a form of prejudice that assumes one’s own culture is normal and natural and that all other cultures are inferior
eurocentrism
a view that places the historical experiences of Europe as the benchmark for all comparisons
Modernization Theory
Societies progressively transition from traditional backward/uncivilised societies to modern societies
Has been criticised: based on observations of European societies; assumed that all societies can develop in the same way
What is the 5 stage Economic Growth Model by W.W. Rostow
5 stage development process for all countries to progress over time, published in the 1960s
Has been criticised because it assumes that countries progress in isolation to others
what are the 5 staegs of W.W. Rostow’s development Model
- traditional society
- transitional stage
- take off
- drive to maturity
- high consumption
Development Underdevelpment Theory
Seeks to help undeveloped countries (form policy and theory) by understanding the economic and social history that lead to their underdevelopment
Most guides to development have been made based on the history of North American and European nations, which are very different from those in Africa and parts of Asia
Dependency Theory
Marxist interpretation
The development of Europe and North America required the systematic underdevelopment of peripheral countries
World Systems Theory (Wallerstein)
Uses Dependency theory to analyze relationships between core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral countries
argues countries get stuck being periphery countries because they are relied on for cheap labor & resources by core countries (Taiwan). Also, these countries have not gone through industrialization or have good educaiton and can’t break out
Define development (verb)
a process that brings about changes in economic prosperity and quality of life; often measured by economic indicators, but also through health, education and other factors
Gini index
Gini index: a measure of income distribution;
a country with a Gini index of 0 would indicate every one has the same income, while a country with a Gini index of 100 would mean one person gets all income while everyone else gets zero
Human Development Index
numerical measure of how well basic human needs are met: life expectancy, education, and income
what are the 2 main ways of categorizing development in countries (Brandt Line and Stages of Development)
The Brandt Line separates the Global North form the rest of the world, comprising of the world’s more developed countries
Alfred Sauvy’s stages of dev. are 1st, 2nd and 3rd world countries
Post Development: The Development Dictionary by Wolfgang Sachs
After WW2, Sachs argued that the US embarked on a mission for development and encouraged other countries to pursue the same goal
His book published in 1992 argued that the last 40 years (40 years after WW2) were called the Age of Development, where the US sought to becmoe the ‘beacon on the hill’
