Chapter 10 - Energy and Production

Question 1

primary,
secondary,
tertiary activities

Answer 1

1: identification and extraction of the world’s natural resources: mining, fishing, forestry, and agriculture

2: processing, transforming, assembling raw materials into finished products; also called industrial activities

3: sale or exchange of goods and services, referred to as service activities

Question 2

secondary products

Answer 2

products made from raw materials and used in the manufacture of finished products, such as steel, plastic, flour, and textiles

Question 3

industrialization

Answer 3

a process of economic and social change that transforms society from agricultural to industrial, involving extensive reorganisation of the economy towards manufacturing and the society towards being urban

Question 4

what was the primary energy source of the industrial revolution

Answer 4

coal

that’s why factories were located on the coal fields of Northern England

Question 5

Great Global Divergence

Answer 5

After the 1800s, the US and UK significantly diverged from all other parts of the world for GDP

Question 6

3 Site Factors of industrial location

Answer 6

Labour: workers with particular skills

Capital: tangible assets (factories) and intangible assets (money and finance)

Land: adequate space for manufacturing processes

Question 7

situational factors of industrial location (only 2)

Answer 7

distance to inputs and distance to markets

Question 8

did distance to energy supply affect industrial location (why or why not, and did this change)

Answer 8

Yes it once did, as companies set up shop in North England, BUT as enegry became more ubiquitous it was less of a factor

Question 9

ubiquitous goods

Answer 9

Ubiquitous Goods: Products or raw materials that are found virtually everywhere; examples include electricity or water in most of the more developed world

Question 10

least cost theory

Answer 10

firms operate rationally in response to transportation, labour, proximity to other operations, distance from competitors; focuses on transportation, labour, agglomeration and deglomeration

Question 11

market area analysis

Answer 11

also considers revenue potential

firms locate operations in locations that will result in greatest profit, considering production costs and size of market area the firm could control

Question 12

behavioural approaches

Answer 12

non-normative theory, rather it seeks to describe why things are where they actually are; the idea of an economic operator is rejected and instead focuses on satisficing behaviour

Question 13

are smaller or larger firms more likely to make a location decision based on behavioural approaches?

Answer 13

smaller

Question 14

fordism

Answer 14

Introduced assembly line system and mass production, emerging in the 1920s

Brought broad societal benefits including higher wages and shorter working hours resulting in unprecedented growth in consumer spending

“ a highly organised system of industrial production”

Question 15

post-fordism

Answer 15

major emphasis on flexibility

flexible production methods; facilitated by transnational corporations and the practice of outsourcing

Question 16

economic restructuring

Answer 16

In a capitalist economy, changes in or between the various components of an economic system resulting from economic change
This could be changes in the type of capital invested into, like human capital to machines

Question 17

flexible accumulation

Answer 17

“industrial technologies, labour practices, relations between firms, and consumption patterns that are increasingly flexible” and which “make it easier for companies to take advantage of spatial variations in land and labour costs”

Question 18

industrialization
deindustrialization
reindustrialization

Answer 18

1: development of new industrial activities
2: loss of manufacturing and related employment
3: emergence of new industrial activity that previously experienced a loss in traditional industrial activity

Question 19

Liberal International Order

Answer 19

formed system of international relations; introduced in the 1940s under the leadership of the United States, and associated with a period of economic growth and peace

Led to open markets, rule of law, international institutions (IMF, World Bank), collective problem solving

Question 20

critics of the Liberal International Order

Answer 20

ethnocentric, centered on American values

disproportionally benefits the rich

environmental harm, moves in corrleation with fossil fuel generation

Question 21

outsource
offshore

Answer 21

paying an outside firm to handle activities previously handled inside a company with the intent to save money or improve quality

the outsourcing of work to another country; typically involves companies in developed countries shifting work to less developed countries