Chapter 7: The Structure of the Nervous System Flashcards
part of the PNS that innervates skin, joints, muscles, to control voluntary response
somatic PNS
part of the PNS that innervates internal organs, blood vessels, and glands
visceral (aka autonomic) PNS
membranes that wrap around the brain
meninges
outermost layer of meninges; forms tough inelastic bag that protects overall structure of the brain
dura mater
layer below dura mater; spider-web like
arachnoid membrane
Subarachnoid space is filled with ()
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
meninges layer that adheres closely to the surface of the brain
pia mater
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled caverns and canals (hollow spaces) inside brain
Ventricles
specialized epithelial tissue in ventricles that secretes CSF
Choroid plexus
CSF circulates through ventricles; absorbed in () into the blood vessels
subarachnoid space
method of studying the brain by clearing brain tissue by removing lipids inside brain
CLARITY
Functional brain imaging looks at the active regions of the brain by ()
detecting changes in regional blood flow and metabolism within the brain
All neurons with cell bodies in the PNS derive from the (
neural crest
failure of neural tube to close causes the ff. conditions
- anencephaly
- spina bifida
process by which structures become more complex and functionally specialized during development is called differentiation
differentiation
primary vesicles of neural tube
- prosencephalon
- mesencephalon
- rhombencephalon
Analyse sensory input and command motor output (processor of info; command center)
Cerebral cortex
gateway to the cortex; relay info from sensory organ to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Axons between thalamus and cortex
internal capsule
controls visceral nervous system
Hypothalamus
2 important structures in Tectum
superior and inferior colliculus
structure in tectum that receives sensory info from eye
superior colliculus
structure in tectum that receives sensory info from ear
inferior colliculus
important structure in tegmentum; black substance and red nucleus -> controls voluntary movement
substantia nigra
Ventricle in midbrain develops into the
cerebral aqueduct
movement control, receive massive axonal inputs from the spinal cord (position) and pons (intention to control body movement)
cerebellum
switchboard connecting cerebral cortex to cerebellum: of the descending axons passing through the midbrain, over 90% synapse on neurons in the pons. The those neurons relay all information to the cerebellum.
pons
receive auditory inputs and project axons to different structures (e.g., inferior colliculus)
cochlear nuclei
crossing of axons from one side to the other; explains why the cortex of one side of the brain controls movements on the opposite side of the body
decussation
Three type of cortex in a mammal
Hippocampus
Olfactory cortex
Neocortex
() of the neocortex: a detailed wiring diagram of connections
Connectome
