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BS357: Introduction to Neuroscience I > Chapter 2: Neurons and Glia > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Neurons and Glia Flashcards

1
Q

insulate, support, and nourish neurons

A

glia

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2
Q

major cell types in the brain

A

neurons and glia

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3
Q

wraps myelin around multiple axons

A

oligodendrocyte

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4
Q

ensheathes synapse and modulates synapse function

A

astrocyte

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5
Q

immune cells in the brain

A

microglia

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6
Q

comparison of neuronal cells vs non-neuronal cells in cerebral cortex

A

less neuronal cells than non-neuronal cells

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7
Q

comparison of neuronal cells vs non-neuronal cells in cerebellum

A

more neuronal cells than non-neuronal cells

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8
Q

method of staining extranuclear DNA; distinguishes between neurons and glia

A

Nissl stain

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9
Q

involved soaking the brain tissue in a silver chromate solutions that makes small percentages of neurons become darkly colored

A

Golgi staining

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10
Q

refers to any projection from the neuron; comprised of axons and dendrites

A

neurites

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11
Q

the () forms synapse between neurons

A

dendritic spine

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12
Q

Cajal used Golgi staining to work out brain circuitry; he concluded that neurons communicate by (1), not (2)

A
  1. contact
  2. continuity
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13
Q

cell body of neurons

A

soma

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14
Q

neurons differ from other cells because of specific ()

A

expression of genes and proteins

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15
Q

set of all RNA transcripts in an individual or population of cells

A

transcriptome

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16
Q

print DNA probes of a whole genome onto a chip, allowing for hybridization of complementary DNAs (cDNAs) derived from expressed genes

A

DNA microarrays

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17
Q

determines the sequence of all cDNAs and is a more quantitative and sensitive method of transcriptome analysis

A

RNA seq

18
Q

proteins that need to stay in the cytosol are typically transcribed by ()

A

free ribosomes

19
Q

smooth ER in neurons are also involved in SOCE (meaning)

A

store-operated calcium entry

20
Q

demonstrate the efficiency of the Krebs cycle

A

1 pyruvic acid to 17 ATP

21
Q

3 structures in neuronal cytoskeleton

A
  1. microtubules
  2. microfilaments (actin)
  3. neurofilaments (intermediate filaments)
22
Q

3 compartments of the axon

A
  1. axon hillock
  2. axon proper
  3. axon terminal
23
Q

the axon terminal is also called ()

A

terminal bouton

24
Q

2 types of axon terminals

A
  1. terminal arbor
  2. Boutons en passant
25
Q

movement of material along the axon

A

axoplasmic transport

26
Q

anterograde (soma to terminal) transport is performed by

A

kinesin

27
Q

retrograde (terminal to soma) transport is performed by

A

dynein

28
Q

“antennae” of neurons

A

dendrites

29
Q

dendrites of a single neuron

A

dendritic tree

30
Q

protrudes from dendrite; forms big, mushroom-like structure that receives some types of synaptic input, thus has a higher concentration of receptors

A

dendritic spines

31
Q

dendritic membranes are rich in () that receive signals from synaptic cleft

A

specialised proteins called receptors

32
Q

classification of neurons based on number of neurites:

A
  1. unipolar (single neurite)
  2. bipolar (2 neurites)
  3. multipolar (more that 2 neurites)
33
Q

most neurons in the brain are classified as () based on number of neurites

A

multipolar

34
Q

classification of neurons based on dendritic morphology

A
  1. stellate cells (star-shaped) or pyramidal cells (pyramid-shaped)
  2. spiny or aspinous
35
Q

classification of neurons based on connections within the CNS

A
  1. primary sensory neurons
  2. motor neurons
  3. interneurons
36
Q

classification of neurons based on axonal length

A
  1. Golgi type I (long axon, projection neurons)
  2. Golgi type II (short axon, local interneurons)
37
Q

other ways of classifying neurons

A
  1. based on gene expression
  2. based on neurotransmitter type
38
Q

kinds of glia

A
  1. astrocytes
  2. microglia
39
Q

astrocytes also regulate () in the intercellular space

A

ion concentration

40
Q

types of myelinating glia

A
  1. oligodendroglia (in CNS)
  2. Schwann cells (in PNS)
41
Q

region where myelinated axonal membrane is exposed

A

Node of Ranvier

42
Q

cells that line the spinal fluid-filled spaces of brain ventricles

A

ependymal cells

BS357: Introduction to Neuroscience I (13 decks)

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