Chapter 7 The Endocrine System— Endocrinology Flashcards
memorize terms
What structure in your brain makes and releases many hormones
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus sends hormones into what ?
The blood that travels directly to the anterior pituitary gland
Hormones from the anterior pituitary gland stimulate other endocrine glands such as…?
the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads
Gland
Aden/o
adrenal
Adren/o, Adrenal/o
cortex (outer)
Cortic/o
testes; ovaries
Gonad/o
pancreas
Pancreat/o
pituitary
pituitar/o, hypophsy/o
thymus
Thym/o
thyroid
Thyr/o, Thyroid/o
sugar
gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o
secretes in blood
crin/o
secretes outside of blood
exocrine
The main signal senders in the endocrine system are
the endocrine glands which include the hypothalamus,pituitary,thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testicles)
Endocrine glands specifically send chemical signals to different parts of the body in the form of
hormones
hormones cause
slower, subtler changes than the nervous system, which uses electric signals
aden/o
gland
adren/o, adrenal/o
adrenal gland
cortic/o
outer surface
gonad/o
gonads (sex organs)
pancreat/o
pancreas
pituitar/o, hypophys/o
pituitary gland
thym/o
thymus
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid
gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o
sugar
crin/o
to secrete
hormone
hormon/o
ketone body
ket/o
-tropin
stimulating hormone
emia
blood condition
uria
urine condition
adenalgia
aden/algia
gland/pain
pain in a gland
adrenal virilism
adrenal viril/ism
gland man/condition
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland.
adrenarche
adren/arche
gland/ beginning
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
hirsutism
excessive growth of facial and body hair in women
amenorrhea
a/meno/rrhea
no/menstrual/ flow
lack of menstrual flow
gynecomastia
gyneco/mast/ia
women/breast/condition
development of breast tissue in males
hypergonadism
hyper/gonad/ism
over/gonad/condition
condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands
hypogonadism
hypo/gonad/ism
under/gonad/condition
condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands
menarche
men/arche
menstrual/beginning
beginning or first menstruation
thelarche
thel/arche
breast/beginning
beginning of breast development
hypoglycemic
hypo/glyc/em/ic
under/sugar/blood/condition
pertaining to low blood sugar
pancreatalgia
pancreat/algia
pancreas/pain
pain in the pancreas
polydipsia
poly/dips/ia
excessive/thirst/condition
excessive thirst
polyphagia
poly/phag/ia
excessive/eat/ condition
excessive eating
polyuria
poly/uria
excessive urine condition
excessive urination
acromegaly
acro/megaly
extremities/abnormal enlargement
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
galactorrhea
galacto/rrhea
milk/discharge
discharge of milk
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height caused by oversecreation of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
exophthalmos
ex/ophthalmos
out/eye
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
goiter
swollen thyroid gland
another name for goiter
thyrocele
thyro/cele
thyroid/tumor
enlargement of the thyroid
thyromegaly
thyro/megaly
thyroid/enlargement
downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid
thyroptosis
thyro/ptosis
thyroid/drooping condition
abnormal acidity of the blood
acidemia
acid/emia
acid/ blood condition
abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood
alkalemia
alkal/emia
alkali/blood condition
calcium in the urine
calciuria
calci/uria
calcium/ urine condition
increased chloride in the blood
chloremia
chlor/emia
chloride/blood condition
good blood sugar
euglycemia
eu/glyc/emia
good/sugar/blood condition
sugar in the urine
glucosuria
glucos/uria
sugar/urine condition
excessive calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
hyper/calc/emia
over/calcium/ blood condition
excessive cholesterol in the blood
hypercholesterolemia
hyper/cholesterol/emia
excessive/cholesterol/ blood condition
high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
hyper/glyc/emia
excessive/sugar/blood condition
excessive potassium in the blood
hyperkalemia
hyper/kal/emia
over/potassium/blood condition
excessive fat in the blood
hyperlipidemia
hyper/lipid/emia
excessive/fat/blood condition
excessive sodium in the blood
hypernatremia
hyper/natr/emia
excessive/sodium/blood condition
excessive phosphate in the blood
hyperphosphatemia
hyper/phosphat/emia
excessive/ phosphate/blood condition
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
hypo/glyc/emia
under/sugar/blood condition
ketone bodies in the urine
ketonuria
keton/uria
ketone/urine condition
excessive urination
polyuria
poly/uria
excessive/urine condition
presence of urinary waste in the blood
uremia
ur/emia
urine/blood condition
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
adrenaline
ad/renal/ine
on/kidney/chemical
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
epinephrine
epi/nephr/ine
upon/kidney/chemical
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adreno/cortico/trop/ic
adrenal/cortex/stimulating/pertaining to
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone
corticotropin
cortico/tropin
cortex stimulating
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels
glucagon
gluc/agon
sugar/lead
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism
glucocorticoid
gluco/cortic/oid
sugar/cortex/resembling
hormone that stimulates the gonads
gonadotropin
gonado/tropin
gonad/ stimulating
hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats
insulin
insul/in
island/ chemical
hormone that stimulates the thyroid
thyrotropin
thyro/tropin
thyroid/stimulating
abnormal enlargement of a gland
adenomegaly
adeno/megaly
gland/enlargement
abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland
adrenomegaly
adreno/megaly
adrenal/enlargement
normal functioning thyroid
euthyroid
eu/thyroid
good/thyroid
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
gluconeogenesis
gluco/neo/genesis
sugar/new/formation
breakdown of sugar
glycolysis
glyco/ lyisis
sugar/loosen
deficiency of sugar
glycopenia
glyco/penia
sugar/deficiency
creation/development of gonads
gonadogenesis
gonado/genesis
gonad/formation
breakdown of matter into energy
metabolism
meta/bol/ism
over/throw/condition
to secrete internally (i.e into the bloodstream)
endocrine
endo/crine
inside/secrection
specialist in internal secretions
endocrinologist
endo/crino/logist
inside/secretion/specialist
to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ i.e sweat glands and salivary glands )
exocrine
exo/crine
outside/secretion
