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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 The Endocrine System— Endocrinology > Flashcards

Chapter 7 The Endocrine System— Endocrinology Flashcards

memorize terms

1
Q

What structure in your brain makes and releases many hormones

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

The hypothalamus sends hormones into what ?

A

The blood that travels directly to the anterior pituitary gland

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3
Q

Hormones from the anterior pituitary gland stimulate other endocrine glands such as…?

A

the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads

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4
Q

Gland

A

Aden/o

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5
Q

adrenal

A

Adren/o, Adrenal/o

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6
Q

cortex (outer)

A

Cortic/o

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7
Q

testes; ovaries

A

Gonad/o

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8
Q

pancreas

A

Pancreat/o

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9
Q

pituitary

A

pituitar/o, hypophsy/o

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10
Q

thymus

A

Thym/o

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11
Q

thyroid

A

Thyr/o, Thyroid/o

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12
Q

sugar

A

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

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13
Q

secretes in blood

A

crin/o

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14
Q

secretes outside of blood

A

exocrine

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15
Q

The main signal senders in the endocrine system are

A

the endocrine glands which include the hypothalamus,pituitary,thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testicles)

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16
Q

Endocrine glands specifically send chemical signals to different parts of the body in the form of

A

hormones

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17
Q

hormones cause

A

slower, subtler changes than the nervous system, which uses electric signals

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18
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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19
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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20
Q

cortic/o

A

outer surface

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21
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads (sex organs)

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22
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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23
Q

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

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24
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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25
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid

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26
Q

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

A

sugar

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27
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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28
Q

hormone

A

hormon/o

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29
Q

ketone body

A

ket/o

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30
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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31
Q

emia

A

blood condition

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32
Q

uria

A

urine condition

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33
Q

adenalgia

A

aden/algia
gland/pain
pain in a gland

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34
Q

adrenal virilism

A

adrenal viril/ism
gland man/condition
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland.

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35
Q

adrenarche

A

adren/arche
gland/ beginning
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

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36
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

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37
Q

amenorrhea

A

a/meno/rrhea
no/menstrual/ flow
lack of menstrual flow

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38
Q

gynecomastia

A

gyneco/mast/ia
women/breast/condition
development of breast tissue in males

39
Q

hypergonadism

A

hyper/gonad/ism
over/gonad/condition
condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands

40
Q

hypogonadism

A

hypo/gonad/ism
under/gonad/condition
condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands

41
Q

menarche

A

men/arche
menstrual/beginning
beginning or first menstruation

42
Q

thelarche

A

thel/arche
breast/beginning
beginning of breast development

43
Q

hypoglycemic

A

hypo/glyc/em/ic
under/sugar/blood/condition
pertaining to low blood sugar

44
Q

pancreatalgia

A

pancreat/algia
pancreas/pain
pain in the pancreas

45
Q

polydipsia

A

poly/dips/ia
excessive/thirst/condition
excessive thirst

46
Q

polyphagia

A

poly/phag/ia
excessive/eat/ condition
excessive eating

47
Q

polyuria

A

poly/uria
excessive urine condition
excessive urination

48
Q

acromegaly

A

acro/megaly
extremities/abnormal enlargement
abnormal enlargement of the extremities

49
Q

galactorrhea

A

galacto/rrhea
milk/discharge
discharge of milk

50
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

51
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

abnormally tall height caused by oversecreation of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

52
Q

exophthalmos

A

ex/ophthalmos
out/eye
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

53
Q

goiter

A

swollen thyroid gland

54
Q

another name for goiter

A

thyrocele
thyro/cele
thyroid/tumor

55
Q

enlargement of the thyroid

A

thyromegaly
thyro/megaly
thyroid/enlargement

56
Q

downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid

A

thyroptosis
thyro/ptosis
thyroid/drooping condition

57
Q

abnormal acidity of the blood

A

acidemia
acid/emia
acid/ blood condition

58
Q

abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood

A

alkalemia
alkal/emia
alkali/blood condition

59
Q

calcium in the urine

A

calciuria
calci/uria
calcium/ urine condition

60
Q

increased chloride in the blood

A

chloremia
chlor/emia
chloride/blood condition

61
Q

good blood sugar

A

euglycemia
eu/glyc/emia
good/sugar/blood condition

62
Q

sugar in the urine

A

glucosuria
glucos/uria
sugar/urine condition

63
Q

excessive calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia
hyper/calc/emia
over/calcium/ blood condition

64
Q

excessive cholesterol in the blood

A

hypercholesterolemia
hyper/cholesterol/emia
excessive/cholesterol/ blood condition

65
Q

high blood sugar

A

hyperglycemia
hyper/glyc/emia
excessive/sugar/blood condition

66
Q

excessive potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia
hyper/kal/emia
over/potassium/blood condition

67
Q

excessive fat in the blood

A

hyperlipidemia
hyper/lipid/emia
excessive/fat/blood condition

68
Q

excessive sodium in the blood

A

hypernatremia
hyper/natr/emia
excessive/sodium/blood condition

69
Q

excessive phosphate in the blood

A

hyperphosphatemia
hyper/phosphat/emia
excessive/ phosphate/blood condition

70
Q

low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia
hypo/glyc/emia
under/sugar/blood condition

71
Q

ketone bodies in the urine

A

ketonuria
keton/uria
ketone/urine condition

72
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria
poly/uria
excessive/urine condition

73
Q

presence of urinary waste in the blood

A

uremia
ur/emia
urine/blood condition

74
Q

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

A

adrenaline
ad/renal/ine
on/kidney/chemical

75
Q

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

A

epinephrine
epi/nephr/ine
upon/kidney/chemical

76
Q

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adreno/cortico/trop/ic
adrenal/cortex/stimulating/pertaining to

77
Q

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

corticotropin
cortico/tropin
cortex stimulating

78
Q

hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels

A

glucagon
gluc/agon
sugar/lead

79
Q

hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism

A

glucocorticoid
gluco/cortic/oid
sugar/cortex/resembling

80
Q

hormone that stimulates the gonads

A

gonadotropin
gonado/tropin
gonad/ stimulating

81
Q

hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

A

insulin
insul/in
island/ chemical

82
Q

hormone that stimulates the thyroid

A

thyrotropin
thyro/tropin
thyroid/stimulating

83
Q

abnormal enlargement of a gland

A

adenomegaly
adeno/megaly
gland/enlargement

84
Q

abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland

A

adrenomegaly
adreno/megaly
adrenal/enlargement

85
Q

normal functioning thyroid

A

euthyroid
eu/thyroid
good/thyroid

86
Q

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

A

gluconeogenesis
gluco/neo/genesis
sugar/new/formation

87
Q

breakdown of sugar

A

glycolysis
glyco/ lyisis
sugar/loosen

88
Q

deficiency of sugar

A

glycopenia
glyco/penia
sugar/deficiency

89
Q

creation/development of gonads

A

gonadogenesis
gonado/genesis
gonad/formation

90
Q

breakdown of matter into energy

A

metabolism
meta/bol/ism
over/throw/condition

91
Q

to secrete internally (i.e into the bloodstream)

A

endocrine
endo/crine
inside/secrection

92
Q

specialist in internal secretions

A

endocrinologist
endo/crino/logist
inside/secretion/specialist

93
Q

to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ i.e sweat glands and salivary glands )

A

exocrine
exo/crine
outside/secretion

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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