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Medical Terminology > Ch 5 The Nervous System – Neurology and Psychiatry > Flashcards

Ch 5 The Nervous System – Neurology and Psychiatry Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The nervous system serves as the body’s

A

communications network, coordinating data reception with appropriate reaction.

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2
Q

Nervous system is composed of two parts:

A

the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.

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3
Q

The peripheral nervous system collects

A

data

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4
Q

Peripheral nervous system receives information such as

A

temperature, pain, light, and pressure from its surroundings

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5
Q

As quickly as peripheral nervous system receives input it transmits it to an

A

analytic center via special conduits known as nerves

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6
Q

The unified collection of cells in the brain and spine are known as the

A

central nervous system

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7
Q

The central nervous system processes the details and formulates a

A

response

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8
Q

Commands are directed back to the appropriate body parts via

A

nerves

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9
Q

brain and the collecting/acting nerves make up your

A

nervous system

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10
Q

The nerves that send and receive signals from the brain are collectively known as the

A

peripheral nervous system

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11
Q

Brain and Spinal Cord are called the

A

central nervous system

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12
Q

The brain has several sections

A

(lobes) and is divided in two halves (hemispheres)

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13
Q

Largest portion of your brain is the

A

cerebrum

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14
Q

Under the cerebrum is the

A

cerebellum (controls things like coordination of movements)

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15
Q

central nervous system is fragile and needs a protective membrane

A

meninges

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16
Q

central nervous systems tough outer layer is known as the

A

dura

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17
Q

root for Brain

A

cerebr/o , encephal/o

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18
Q

root for cerebellum

A

cerebell/o

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19
Q

the encephalo root comes from en(inside) and cephalus(head) and means

A

“the stuff inside your head”

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20
Q

cerbell/o is brain with a diminutive suffix that means

A

“little brain” (little version of the brain)

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21
Q

root for lobe

A

lob/o

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22
Q

root for head

A

cephal/o

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23
Q

root for head,skull

A

crani/o

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24
Q

root for meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

A

mening/o, meningi/o

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25
Q

root for dura (tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

A

dur/o

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26
Q

root for nerve

A

neur/o

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27
Q

root for nerve bundle

A

gangli/o

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28
Q

root for spinal cord, bone marrow
(innermost part)

A

myel/o

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29
Q

root for feeling, sensation

A

esthesi/o

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30
Q

root speech

A

phas/o

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31
Q

root for mind

A

phren/o, psych/o

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32
Q

root for sleep

A

somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o

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33
Q

root for know

A

gnosi/o

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34
Q

root for excessive desire

A

-mania

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35
Q

root for excessive fear or sensitivity

A

phobia

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36
Q

root for slight or partial paralysis

A

paresis

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37
Q

root for muscle tone, tension, pressure

A

ton/o

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38
Q

root for arrangement, order, coordination

A

tax/o

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39
Q

root for paralysis

A

plegia

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40
Q

root for weakness

A

asthenia

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41
Q

Patients with peripheral nervous system complaints have problems with the

A

signals being sent to the brain

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42
Q

inability to speak

A

aphasia
a/ phas/ ia
not/speaking/condition

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43
Q

lack of coordination

A

ataxia
a/taxia
no/coordination

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44
Q

condition characterized by reduced muscle tone

A

catatonia
cata/ton/ia
down/muscle/tone

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45
Q

brief loss of mental function

A

delirium

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46
Q

loss/decline in mental function

A

dementia
de/ment/ia
down/ mind/condition

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47
Q

difficulty moving

A

dyskinesia
dys/kinesia
bad/movement

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48
Q

difficulty reading

A

dyslexia
dys/lex/ia
bad/reading/condition

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49
Q

difficulty speaking

A

dysphasia
dys/phas/ia
bad/speaking/condition

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50
Q

condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements

A

dystonia
dys/ton/ia
bad/muscle tone/condition

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51
Q

inability to sleep

A

insomnia
in/somn/ia
not/sleeping/condition

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52
Q

muscle twitching

A

myoclonus
myo/clonus
muscle/turmoil

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53
Q

involuntary muscle contraction

A

myospasm
myo/spasm
muscle/involuntary contraction

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54
Q

nerve weakness

A

neurasthenia
neur/asthenia
nerve/weakness

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55
Q

sleep walking

A

somnambulism
somn/ambul/ism
sleep/walk/condition

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56
Q

fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain

A

syncope

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57
Q

head pain

A

cephalalgia
cephal/algia
head/pain

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58
Q

head pain

A

cephalodynia
cephalo/dynia
head/pain

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59
Q

brain pain

A

encephalalgia
encephal/algia
brain/pain

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60
Q

nerve pain

A

neuralgia
neur/algia
nerve/pain

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61
Q

nerve pain

A

neurodynia
neuro/dynia
nerve pain

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62
Q

partial paralysis on half the body

A

hemiparesis
hemi/paresis
half/partial paralysis

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63
Q

paralysis on half the body

A

hemiplegia
hemi/plegia
half/paralysis

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64
Q

partial paralysis of one limb

A

monoparesis
mono/paresis
one/partial paralysis

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65
Q

paralysis of one limb

A

monoplegia
mono/plegia
one/paralysis

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66
Q

complete loss of sensation and motor function

A

paralysis

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67
Q

partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function

A

paresis

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68
Q

painful sensation of burning

A

causalgia
caus/algia
burn/pain

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69
Q

bad feeling

A

dysesthesia
dys/esthesia
bad/senstation

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70
Q

increased sensation

A

hyperesthesia
hyper/esthesia
over/sensation

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71
Q

abnormal sensation (numbness or tingling in the skin)

A

paresthesia
par/esthesia
bedside/sensation

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72
Q

false sensation

A

pseudesthesia
pseud/esthesia
false/sensation

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73
Q

condition where one sensation is experienced as another

A

synesthesia
syn/esthesia
together/sensation

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74
Q

fear of heights

A

acrophobia
acro/phobia
heights/excessive fear

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75
Q

fear of outdoor spaces

A

agoraphobia
agora/phobia
marketplace/ excessive fear

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76
Q

fear of water

A

hydrophobia
hydro/phobia
water/excessive fear

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77
Q

desire to steal

A

kleptomania
klepto/mania
theft/excessive desire

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78
Q

excessive sensitivity to light

A

photophobia
light/excessive sensitivity

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79
Q

desire to set fire

A

pyromania
pyro/mania
fire/excessive desire

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80
Q

procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves

A

echoencephalography
echo/encephalo/graphy
echo/brain/writing procedure

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81
Q

procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

A

electroencephalography (EEG)
electro/encephalo/graphy
electricity/brain/writing procedure

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82
Q

inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap

A

lumbar puncture
lumb/ar puncture
lower back pertaining to

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83
Q

procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

A

cerebral angiography
cerebr/al angio/graphy
brain/pertaining to vessel/writing procedure

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84
Q

procedure used to examine blood vessels

A

angiography
angio/graphy
vessel/writing procedure

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85
Q

image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray

A

myelogram
myelo/gram
spinal cord/ record

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86
Q

an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain

A

positron emission tomography (PET) scan
e/mission tomo/graphy
out/send cut/writing procedure

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87
Q

an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull

A

transcranial Doppler sonography
trans/cranial Doppler sono/ graphy
through /skull Doppler sound/writing procedure

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88
Q

inflammation of the cerebellum

A

cerebellitis
cerebell/itis
cerbellum/inflammation

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89
Q

wasting away of brain tissue

A

cerebral atrophy
cerebr/al a/trophy
brain/pertaining to no/nourishment

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90
Q

inflammation of the dura

A

duritis
dur/itis
dura/inflammation

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91
Q

hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull)

A

encephalocele
encephalo/cele
brain/hernia

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92
Q

a tumorlike mass made up of blood

A

hematoma
hemat/oma
blood/tumor

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93
Q

a hematoma beneath the skull

A

cranial hematoma
crani/al hemat/oma
skull/pertaining to bleeding/tumor

94
Q

a hematoma located on top of the dura

A

epidural hematoma
epi/dur/al hemat/oma
upon/dura/pertaining to blood/tumor

95
Q

a hematoma located inside the brain

A

intracerebral hematoma
intra/cerebr/al hemat/oma
inside/brain/pertaining to blood/tumor

96
Q

a hematoma located beneath the dura

A

subdural hematoma
sub/dur/al hemat/oma
under/dura/pertaining to blood/tumor

97
Q

abnormally large head

A

macrocephaly
macro/cephal/y
large/head/condition

98
Q

abnormally small head

A

microcephaly
micro/cephal/y
small/head/condition

99
Q

a hernia of the meninges

A

meningocele
meningo/cele
meninges/hernia

100
Q

a hernia of the spinal cord

A

myelocele
myelo/cele
spinal cord/hernia

101
Q

abnormal softening of the spinal cord

A

myelomalacia
myelo/malacia
spinal cord/softening

102
Q

a hernia of the spinal cord and the meninges

A

myelomeningocele
myelo/meningo/cele
spinal cord/meninges/hernia

103
Q

nerve inflammation

A

neuritis
neur/itis
nerve/inflammation

104
Q

a nerve tumor

A

neuroma
neur/oma
nerve/tumor

105
Q

hardening of nerves

A

neurosclerosis
neuro/scler/osis
nerve/hardening/condition

106
Q

inflammation of multiple nerves

A

polyneuritis
poly/neur/itis
many/nerve/inflammation

107
Q

inability to comprehend

A

agnosia
a/gnos/ia
not/knowledge/condition

108
Q

lack of emotion

A

apathy
a/path/y
no/suffering/condition

109
Q

increase in muscle movement or activity

A

hyperkinesia
hyper/kinesia
over/movement

110
Q

nerve weakness

A

neurasthenia
neur/asthenia
nerve weakness

111
Q

deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity

A

neuroglycopenia
neuro/glyco/penia
nerve/sugar/deficiency

112
Q

involuntary back and forth eye movements

A

nystagmus

113
Q

inability to recognize faces

A

prosopagnosia
prosop/a/gnos/ia
face/no/knowledge/condition

114
Q

doctor who specializes in anesthesiology

A

anesthesiologist
an/esthesio/logist
no/sensation/specialist

115
Q

a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system

A

afferent nerve
af/ferent nerve
toward/carry

116
Q

a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system

A

efferent nerve
ef/ferent nerve
away/carry

117
Q

originating from/created by nerves

A

neurogenic
neuro/gen/ic
nerve/creation/pertaining to

118
Q

doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind

A

psychiatrist
psych/iatrist
mind/specialist

119
Q

branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind

A

psychiatry
psych/iatry
mind/specialty

120
Q

originating in/created by the mind

A

psychogenic
psycho/gen/ic
mind/creation/pertaining to

121
Q

doctor who specializes in the study of the mind

A

psychologist
psycho/logist
mind/specialist

122
Q

branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind

A

psychology
psycho/logy
mind/study

123
Q

pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind

A

psychosomatic
psycho/somat/ic
mind/body/pertaining to

124
Q

having no known cause or origin

A

idiopathic
idio/path/ic
private/disease/pertaining to

125
Q

time between seizures

A

interictal
inter/ictal
between/seizure

126
Q

time after a seizure

A

postictal
post/ictal
after/seizure

127
Q

time before a seizure

A

preictal
pre/ictal
before/seizure

128
Q

pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive )

A

tonic
ton/ic
tone/pertaining to

129
Q

muscle spasm or twitching

A

clonus

130
Q

a seizure characterized by both a tonic and a clonic phase

A

tonic-clonic seizure
ton/ ic clon/ic
muscle/pertaining to spasm/pertaining to

131
Q

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
cerebro/vascul/ar
brain/blood vessel/ pertaining to

132
Q

loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain

A

stroke

133
Q

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel

A

hemorrhagic stroke
hemo/rrhag/ic
blood/excessive bleeding/pertaining to

134
Q

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage

A

ischemic
isch/em/ic
hold back/ blood/pertaining to

135
Q

a “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)
trans/ient isch/ em/ ic
across/go hold back/blood/pertaining to

136
Q

a disease of the blood vessels of the brain

A

cerebrovascular disease
cerebro/vascul/ar
brain/blood vessel/pertaining to

137
Q

the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

A

cerebral aneurysm
cerebr/al an/eury/sm
brain/pertaining to out/wide/ condition

138
Q

the hardening of an artery in the brain

A

cerebral arteriosclerosis
cerebr/al arterio/scler/osis
brain/pertaining to artery/hardening/condition

139
Q

the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque

A

cerebral atherosclerosis
cerebr/al athero/scler/osis
brain/pertaining to fatty/hardening/condition

140
Q

the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria

A

cerebral embolism
cerebr/al embol/ ism
brain/pertaining to stopper/condition

141
Q

the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot

A

cerebral thrombosis
cerebr/al thromb/osis
brain/pertaining to clot/condition

142
Q

abnormal softening of the skull

A

craniomalacia
cranio/malacia
skull/softening

143
Q

abnormal hardening of the skull

A

craniosclerosis
cranio/scler/osis
skull/hardening/condition

144
Q

abnormal narrowing of the skull

A

craniostenosis
cranio/sten/osis
skull/narrow/condition

145
Q

premature fusing of the skull bones

A

craniosynostosis
cranio/syn/ost/osis
skull/together/bone/condition

146
Q

abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain

A

hydrocephaly
hydro/cephal/y
water/head/condition

147
Q

a tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells

A

astrocytoma
astro/cyt/oma
star/cell/tumor

148
Q

ganglion tumor

A

ganglioma
ganglion/tumor

149
Q

a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells

A

giloblastoma
gilo/blast/oma
glue/sprout/tumor

150
Q

tumor of the meninges

A

meningioma
meningi/oma
meninges/tumor

151
Q

inflammation of the cerebellum

A

cerebellitis
cerebell/itis
cerebellum/inflammation

152
Q

inflammation of the brain and meninges

A

cerebromeningitis
cerebro/mening/itis
brain/meninges/inflammation

153
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis
encephal/itis
brain/inflammation

154
Q

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

A

encephalomyelitis
encephalo/myel/itis
brain/spinal cord/inflammation

155
Q

disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

A

encephalomyeloneuropathy
encephalo/myelo/neuro/pathy
brain/spinal cord/nerve/disease

156
Q

disease of the brain

A

encephalopathy
encephalo/pathy
brain/disease

157
Q

a pus-filled abscess in the brain

A

encephalopyosis
encephalo/py/osis
brain/pus/condition

158
Q

inflammation of a ganglion

A

gangliitis
gangli/itis
ganglion inflammation

159
Q

excessive bleeding inside the brain

A

intracerebral hemorrhage
intra/cerebr/al hemo/rrhage
inside/brain/pertaining to blood/excessive bleeding

160
Q

disease of the meninges

A

meningopathy
meningo/pathy
meninges/disease

161
Q

inflammation of the meninges

A

meningitis
mening/itis
meninges/inflammation

162
Q

inflammation of the meninges and brain

A

meningoencephalitis
meningo/encephal/itis
meninges/brain/inflammation

163
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis
myel/itis
spinal cord/inflammation

164
Q

defective formation of the spinal cord

A

myelodysplasia
myelo/dys/plas/is
spinal cord/bad/formation/condition

165
Q

disease of the spinal cord

A

myelopathy
myelo/pathy
spinal cord/ disease

166
Q

disease of the joint associated with nerves

A

neuroarthropathy
neuro/arthro/pathy
nerve/joint/disease

167
Q

disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord

A

neuroencephalomyelopathy
neuro/encephalo/myelo/pathy
nerve/brain/spinal cord/ disease

168
Q

disease of the nervous system

A

neuropathy
neuro/pathy
nerve/disease

169
Q

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis
polio/myel/itis
gray/spinal cord/inflammation

170
Q

disease affecting multiple nerves

A

polyneuropathy
poly/neuro/pathy
many/nerve/disease

171
Q

a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control. Hardening of nerve cells on the sides of the spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue from dis use

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
a/myo/troph/ic lateral scler/osis
not/muscle/nourishment/pertaining to side hardening/ condition

172
Q

an eating disorder characterized by the patient’s restricting food or refusing to eat

A

anorexia
an/orex/ia
no/appetite/condition

173
Q

a psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and/or restrictive patterns of behavior or interests. The term originated in the mistaken idea that the patient was focused only on the self

A

autism
aut/ism
self/condition

174
Q

an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced purging or getting rid of food (e.g. forced vomiting)

A

bulimia
bu/lim/ia
ox/hunger/condition

175
Q

paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement

A

cerebral palsy
cerebr/al palsy
brain/pertaining to paralysis

176
Q

a negative emotional state

A

dysphoria
dys/phor/ia
bad/carry/condition

177
Q

a disease marked by seizures

A

epilepsy
epi/lepsy
upon/seize

178
Q

a positive emotional state

A

euphoria
eu/phor/ia
good/carry/condition

179
Q

a mental state just below mania

A

hypomania
hypo/mania
over/excessive anger

180
Q

a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression

A

manic depression (bipolar disorder)
excitement /depression

181
Q

muscle weakness

A

myasthenia
my/asthenia
muscle/weakness

182
Q

a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness

A

narcolepsy
narco/lepsy
sleep/seize

183
Q

a mental illness

A

psychopathy
psycho/pathy
mind/disease

184
Q

a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech

A

schizophrenia
schizo/phren/ia
divide/mind/condition

185
Q

a nerve condition

A

neurosis
neur/osis
nerve/ condition

186
Q

a mind condition

A

psychosis
psycho/osis
mind/condition

187
Q

a drug that causes loss of sensation

A

anesthetic
an/esthetic
not/sensation

188
Q

anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness

A

general anesthetic

189
Q

anesthetic that does not affect consciousness

A

local anesthetic

190
Q

anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area

A

regional anesthetic

191
Q

local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized

A

topical anesthetic

192
Q

anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord

A

epidural anesthetic

193
Q

a drug that relieves pain

A

analgesic
an/alge/sic
not/pain/agent

194
Q

a drug that opposes convulsions

A

anticonvulsant
anti/convuls/ant
against/ convulsion/agent

195
Q

a drug that opposes depression

A

antidepressant
anti/depress/ant
against/depression/agent

196
Q

a drug that opposes psychoses

A

antipsychotic
anti/psycho/tic
against/psychosis/agent

197
Q

a drug that lessens anxiety

A

anxiolytic
anxio/lytic
anxiety/breakdown agent

198
Q

a drug that aids sleep

A

hypnotic
hypno/tic
sleep/agent

199
Q

the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system

A

neuropharmacology
neuro/pharmaco/logy
nerve/drug/study

200
Q

the study of the effects of drugs on mental process

A

psychopharmacology
psycho/pharmaco/logy
mind/drug/study

201
Q

drugs that are able to turn the mind

A

psychotropic
psycho/trop/ic
mind/turn/agent

202
Q

a drug that dissolves clots

A

thrombolytic
thrombo/lytic
clot/breakdown agent

203
Q

incision into the brain

A

cerebrotomy
cerebro/tomy
brain/incision

204
Q

treatment using chemicals

A

chemotherapy
chemo/therapy
chemical/treatment

205
Q

removal of a piece of the skull

A

craniectomy
crani/ectomy
skull/removal

206
Q

incision into the skull

A

craniotomy
cranio/tomy
skull/incision

207
Q

removal of the inside of an artery

A

endarterectomy
end/arter/ectomy
inside/artery/removal

208
Q

surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels

A

endovascular neurosurgery
endo/vascul/ar neuro/surgery
inside/ vessel/pertaining to nerve/surgery

209
Q

removal of a lobe

A

lobectomy
lob/ectomy
lobe/ removal

210
Q

incision into a lobe

A

lobotomy
lobo/tomy
lobe/incision

211
Q

removal of a nerve

A

neurectomy
neur/ectomy
nerve/removal

212
Q

destruction of nerve tissue

A

neurolysis
neuro/lysis
nerve/loose

213
Q

reconstruction of a nerve

A

neuroplasty
neuro/plasty
nerve/reconstruction

214
Q

suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve)

A

neurorrhaphy
neuro/rrhaphy
nerve/suture

215
Q

incision into a nerve

A

neurotomy
neuro/tomy
nerve/incision

216
Q

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

ADHD

217
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease)

A

ALS

218
Q

central nervous system

A

CNS

219
Q

cerebral palsy

A

CP

220
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

CSF

221
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

CVA

222
Q

electroencephalogram

A

EEG

223
Q

electromyogram

A

EMG

224
Q

intracranial pressure

A

ICP

225
Q

level of consciousness

A

LOC

226
Q

lumbar puncture

A

LP

227
Q

magnetic resonance angiography

A

MRA

228
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

MS

229
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

OCD

230
Q

positron emission tomography

A

PET

231
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

PNS

232
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

TIA

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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