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BIO 220 [Exam #4] > Chapter 7 - The Control of Microbial Growth [Revered] > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - The Control of Microbial Growth [Revered] Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_____ refers to microbe contamination. ______ is a systemic infection that causes a severe immune response

A

Sepsis

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2
Q

_______ refers to the absence of significant contamination.

A

Asepsis

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3
Q

_________ uses practices and techniques to prevent contamination from microbes.

A

Aseptic techniques

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3
Q

______ removes and destroys all microbial life, including vegetative cells and endospores.

A

Sterilization

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4
Q

_______ destroys most microbes but does not kill endospores. ______ typically applies to non-living objects such as counters and surfaces.

A

Disinfection

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5
Q

_______ destroys harmful microbes from body wounds.

A

Antisepsis

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6
Q

_______ is the physical removal of microbes in a limited area. This is typically achieved by using soaps and detergents.

A

Degerming

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7
Q

_______ is a chemical treatment that kills target-specific microbes.

A

Biocide (germicide)

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7
Q

________ refers to the cleansing of fomites to remove enough bacteria that is deemed safe for public health.

A

Sanitization

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8
Q

________ is a treatment that inhibits the growth of microbes. Microbe growth becomes static.

A

Biostatic (bacteriostatic)

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9
Q

________ shows the effectiveness of treatment by a chemical agent.

A

Number of microbes
Environment
Time of exposure
Microbial characteristics

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9
Q

_______ damages the cell membrane of bacteria -> disrupting homeostasis.

A

Alteration of C.M permeability

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9
Q

_______ & ______ are the most resistant microbes to chemical agents.

A

Prions & Endospores of bacteria

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9
Q

_______ are the most sensitive microbes to chemical agents.

A

Viruses with lipid envelopes

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10
Q

_______ alters/damages protein structure -> alters/damages protein function.

A

Damage to proteins (Enzymes)

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10
Q

_________ alters/damages DNA -> RNA -> Protein -> alters/damaged protein function.

A

Damage to Nucleic Acid (DNA)

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10
Q

_______ inhibit cellular respiration -> no ATP production.

A

Inhibition/alteration of metabolism

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11
Q

_______ is the lowest temperature that all cells in a liquid media are killed in 10 minutes.

A

Thermal death point (TDP)

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11
Q

_______ is the minimum time for all bacteria in a liquid media to be killed at a certain temperature.

A

Thermal death time (TDT)

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12
Q

Boiling

A

Physical Methods: Moist Heat

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12
Q

Refrigeration

A

Physical Method: Low Temperatures

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12
Q

Hot-air sterilization

A

Physical Method: Dry Heat

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12
Q

_______ is a physical method that kills by oxidation.

A

Physical Method: Dry Heat

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12
Q

Bake sterilization

A

Physical Method: Dry Heat

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12
Q

Incineration

A

Physical Method: Dry Heat

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12
Q

Direct flaming for metal instruments

A

Physical Method: Dry Heat

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12
Q

______ is a physical method that kills by protein denaturation. Some examples of _____ are boiling, autoclave, and pasteurization.

A

Physical Method: Moist Heat

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12
Q

Autoclave (steam under pressure)

A

Physical Method: Moist Heat

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12
Q

Pasteurization (combinations of diff. temp. & time)

A

Physical Method: Moist Heat

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12
Q

______ is a physical method that uses low temperature to inhibit/suppress growth (bacteriostatic effect).

A

Physical Method: Low Temperatures

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12
Q

Deep-freezing.

A

Physical Method: Low Temperatures

12
Q

Lyophilization (long-term preservation of food & cultures)

A

Physical Method: Low Temperatures

12
Q

_____ is a physical method that passes substances/fluids through a screen-like membrane.

A

Physical Method: Filtration

13
Q

Physical method used for vaccines, serums, and enzymes.

A

Physical Method: Filtration

14
Q

HEPA filters

A

Physical Method: Filtration

15
Q

Membrane filters

A

Physical Method: Filtration

16
Q

______ is a physical method that removes water and prevents microbe metabolism.

A

Physical Method: Desiccation

17
Q

______ is a physical method that uses high concentrations of salts and sugars to create a hypertonic environment.

A

Physical Method: Osmotic pressure/imbalance

18
Q

Pathogen shrinks & dies

A

Physical Method: Osmotic pressure/imbalance

19
Q

_______ is a physical method that destroys/damages the DNA of a microbe.

A

Physical Method: Radiation

20
Q

X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams

A

Physical Method: Radiation (ex: ionizing radiation)

21
Q

Disposable syringes, gloves, masks, & surgical sutures

A

Physical Method: Radiation (ex: ionizing radiation)

22
Q

Ultraviolet light

A

Physical Method: Radiation (ex: nonionizing radiation)

23
Q

Cleaning hospital rooms

A

Physical Method: Radiation (ex: nonionizing radiation)

24
Q

Germicidal UV lamp

A

Physical Method: Radiation (ex: nonionizing radiation)

25
Q

_______ is a chemical method that disrupts plasma membrane, creating a leaky cell.

A

Chemical Methods: Phenols, Phenolics, Bisphenols, Biguanides

26
Q

_______ is rarely used, has a strong odor, and is highly irritable to the skin.

A

Phenol

27
Q

_____ is derived from Phenol

A

Phenolics

28
Q

______ is a disinfectant used in hand soap

A

Bisphenols

29
Q

______ is used for skin disinfection (surgical hand scrubbing)

A

Biguanides

30
Q

Disinfectant in hand soap

A

Chemical Methods: Phenols, Phenolics, Bisphenols, Biguanides

31
Q

Surgical hand scrubbing

A

Chemical Methods: Phenols, Phenolics, Bisphenols, Biguanides

32
Q

______ is a chemical method that kills by oxidation.

A

Chemical Methods: Halogens

33
Q

Iodine

A

Chemical Methods: Halogens

34
Q

Tincture (before/after surgery)

A

Chemical Methods: Halogens

35
Q

Chlorine (Bleach)

A

Chemical Methods: Halogens

36
Q

_____ is a chemical method that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids.

A

Chemical Methods: Alcohols

37
Q

Bactericidal & Fungicidal

A

Chemical Methods: Alcohols

38
Q

Chemical method used on surfaces and hands denature proteins & dissolve lipids

A

Chemical Methods: Alcohols

39
Q

________ is a chemical method that disrupts cell membranes.

A

Chemical Methods: Surface-Active Agents

40
Q

Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

A

Chemical Methods: Alcohols

41
Q

Soaps & detergents

A

Chemical Methods: Surface-Active Agents

42
Q

Acid-anionic sanitizers

A

Chemical Methods: Surface-Active Agents

43
Q

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATS)

A

Chemical Methods: Surface-Active Agents

44
Q

Sanitization of metal containers in food industry

A

Chemical Methods: Surface-Active Agents

45
Q

_______ is a chemical method that has organic acids that inhibits metabolism and nitrites/nitrates that prevent endospore germination in foods.

A

Chemical Methods: Chemical Food Perservatives

46
Q

Prevent mold & bacteria in foods

A

Chemical Methods: Chemical Food Preservatives (Organic Acids)

47
Q

Cold cuts and Hot Dogs

A

Chemical Methods: Chemical Food Preservatives (Nitrites & Nitrates)

48
Q

Prevents Clostridium botulinum

A

Chemical Methods: Chemical Food Preservatives (Nitrites & Nitrates)

49
Q

________ is a chemical method that uses gas to sterilize -> causing alkylation -> leading to the formation of free radicals.

A

Chemical Methods: Chemical Sterilization

50
Q

Ethylene Oxide

A

Chemical Methods: Chemical Sterilization

51
Q

Large Heat-sensitive material

A

Chemical Methods: Chemical Sterilization

52
Q

________ is a chemical method that uses plasma causes alkylation -> leading to the formation of free radicals.

A

Chemical Methods: Plasma Sterilization

53
Q

______ is a fourth state of matter, consisting of electrically excited gas

A

Plasma

54
Q

Tubular medical instruments (surgical steel rods/plates)

A

Chemical Methods: Plasma Sterilization

BIO 220 [Exam #4] (8 decks)

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