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BIO 220 [Exam #4] > Chapter 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs [Reveresed] > Flashcards

Chapter 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs [Reveresed] Flashcards

1
Q

the use of chemical to treat a disease

A

chemotherapy

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2
Q

first scientist to use a chemical to treat disease (Syphilis)

A

Paul Ehrlich

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3
Q

substance that interferes with microbial growth

A

Antimicrobial agent

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4
Q

agent that affects a small group of microbes

A

Narrow-Spectrum Drugs

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5
Q

agent that affects a wide variety of microbes

A

Broad-Spectrum Drugs

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6
Q

Selective toxicity, spectrum of action, effective doses, delivery/effective penetration and retention are all _____

A

Criteria for ideal microbial drug

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7
Q

Antibacterial drugs target _______

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

Antimycobacterial drugs target _______

A

Genus Mycobacterium

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9
Q

Antimycotic drug target _______

A

Fungi

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10
Q

Antiviral drug target _______

A

Viruses

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11
Q

Anti-retroviral drugs target __________

A

Retroviridae family

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12
Q

Antimalarial/antiprotozoal drugs target _______

A

Genus Plasmodium

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13
Q

Anthelminthic drugs target ______

A

parasites that are worms

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14
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Natural and Narrow spectrum drugs derived from fungus

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Natural PCN)

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15
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Semisynthetic components

A

Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Semisynthetic PCN)

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16
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Natural & synthetic components and resistant to penicillinase

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Semisynthetic PCN)

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17
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Narrow spectrum drug that is effective towards gram (+) bacteria

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Natural PCN)

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18
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Broad spectrum drug derived from fungus

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Cephalosporin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

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19
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Penicillinase-resistant and classified into generations

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Cephalosporin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

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20
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Topical application for ABX-resistant MRSA

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Polypeptide

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

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21
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Staphylococcal aureus

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Polypeptide

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

22
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

treatment of Tuberculosis

A

Drug type: Antimycobacterial

Family: Antimycobacterial

MOA: Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis of Genus Mycobacterium

23
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Combination of other ABX in Topical form against Gram (-)

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: x

MOA: Changes bacteria plasma membrane permeability

24
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Inhibits RNA synthesis and used to treat Tuberculosis

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: x

MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis

25
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Inhibits DNA synthesis/replication

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Quinolone & Fluoroquinolone

MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis

26
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Inhibits RNA synthesis and used to treat Tuberculosis

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Quinolone & Fluoroquinolone

MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis

27
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

binds to ribosomes & inhibits peptide bond formation

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: x

MOA: Inhibition of protein synthesis

28
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Causes auditory damage

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Aminoglycoside

MOA: Inhibition of protein synthesis
(Changes shape of ribosome -> mRNA read incorrectly)

29
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

suppress normal intestinal microbiota & teeth discoloration

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: x

MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis
(Interferes with tRNA attachment)

30
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

broad spectrum drug that is a combination of other ABX that compete with enzyme to synthesize folic acid

A

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Sulfonamide (“Sulfa” drugs)

MOA: Competitive inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis
(antimetabolites compete with normal substrates for an enzyme)

31
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Used for systemic fungal infections and is toxic to the kidneys

A

Drug type: Antimycotic

Family: x

MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes

32
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Uses for local infections with low specificity & toxic side effects

A

Drug type: Antimycotic

Family: “Azoles”

MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes

33
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Athletes foot

A

Drug type: Antimycotic

Family: “Azoles”

MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes

34
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Influenza

A

Drug type: Antiviral

Family: x

MOA: Block receptors on the host cell mem. that bind to virus and prevent uncoating

35
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Management of Herpes infections

A

Drug type: Antiviral

Family: x

MOA: Inhibition of viral DNA or RNA synthesis

36
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Prevents spread of virus to uninfected neighboring host cells

A

Drug type: Antiviral

Family: x

MOA: Promotes interferon production

37
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Treatment for Viral Hepatitis

A

Drug type: Antiviral

Family: x

MOA: Promotes interferon production

38
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Management of HIV/AIDS

A

Drug type: Antiretroviral

Family: x

MOA: Reverse transcription and Fusion inhibitors

39
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Prevention and Treatment of Malaria

A

Drug type: Antimalarial (Antiparasitic)

Family: x

MOA: Inhibits DNA synthesis & multiplication of Plasmodium parasite

40
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Treatment for Giardiasis, Amoebic Dysentery, and Trichomoniasis

A

Drug type: Antiprotozoal (Antiparasitic)

Family: x

MOA: Interferes with anaerobic metabolism

41
Q

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Treatment for intestinal helminthic infections

A

Drug type: Antihelminthic (Antiparasitic)

Family: x

MOA: Inhibition of nutrient absorption in intestinal worms & paralysis (neuromuscular blockade) of helminths

42
Q

________ test the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents on agar plates.

A

Disk-Diffusion method

43
Q

Zone of inhibition

A

Disk-Diffusion method

44
Q

determines ABX sensitivity & minimal inhibitory concentration

A

E-Test

45
Q

lowest antimicrobial drug concentration that inhibits microbial growth

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

46
Q

determine the MIC & minimal bactericidal concentration of a antimicrobial drug

A

Broth Dilution Test

47
Q

lowest antimicrobial drug concentration that kills microbes

A

minima bactericidal concentration (MBC)

48
Q

Microbe placed in wells of diluted drugs to determine growth

A

Broth Dilution Test

49
Q

Bacterial strains that are resistant to large numbers of ABX

A

Superbugs

50
Q

MRSA/ VRSA, VRE, and MDR/XDR are all _____.

A

Superbugs

51
Q

Heritable gene mutation passes down to generation of bacteria and resistance genes spread via the pilus from donor to recipient bacteria are ways that ___________.

A

drug resistance is caused in microbes

52
Q

Over-prescribing or giving the wrong ABX, using outdated or weakened ABX, using ABX in animal feed, failing to complete the prescribed regiment, and using someone else’s leftover prescription are all examples of ________.

A

ABX misuse

BIO 220 [Exam #4] (8 decks)

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