Chapter 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs [Reveresed] Flashcards
the use of chemical to treat a disease
chemotherapy
first scientist to use a chemical to treat disease (Syphilis)
Paul Ehrlich
substance that interferes with microbial growth
Antimicrobial agent
agent that affects a small group of microbes
Narrow-Spectrum Drugs
agent that affects a wide variety of microbes
Broad-Spectrum Drugs
Selective toxicity, spectrum of action, effective doses, delivery/effective penetration and retention are all _____
Criteria for ideal microbial drug
Antibacterial drugs target _______
Bacteria
Antimycobacterial drugs target _______
Genus Mycobacterium
Antimycotic drug target _______
Fungi
Antiviral drug target _______
Viruses
Anti-retroviral drugs target __________
Retroviridae family
Antimalarial/antiprotozoal drugs target _______
Genus Plasmodium
Anthelminthic drugs target ______
parasites that are worms
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Natural and Narrow spectrum drugs derived from fungus
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Penicillin
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
misc. (Natural PCN)
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Semisynthetic components
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Penicillin
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
misc. (Semisynthetic PCN)
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Natural & synthetic components and resistant to penicillinase
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Penicillin
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
misc. (Semisynthetic PCN)
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Narrow spectrum drug that is effective towards gram (+) bacteria
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Penicillin
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
misc. (Natural PCN)
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Broad spectrum drug derived from fungus
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Cephalosporin
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Penicillinase-resistant and classified into generations
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Cephalosporin
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Topical application for ABX-resistant MRSA
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Polypeptide
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Staphylococcal aureus
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Polypeptide
MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
treatment of Tuberculosis
Drug type: Antimycobacterial
Family: Antimycobacterial
MOA: Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis of Genus Mycobacterium
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Combination of other ABX in Topical form against Gram (-)
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: x
MOA: Changes bacteria plasma membrane permeability
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Inhibits RNA synthesis and used to treat Tuberculosis
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: x
MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Inhibits DNA synthesis/replication
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Quinolone & Fluoroquinolone
MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Inhibits RNA synthesis and used to treat Tuberculosis
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Quinolone & Fluoroquinolone
MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
binds to ribosomes & inhibits peptide bond formation
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: x
MOA: Inhibition of protein synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Causes auditory damage
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Aminoglycoside
MOA: Inhibition of protein synthesis
(Changes shape of ribosome -> mRNA read incorrectly)
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
suppress normal intestinal microbiota & teeth discoloration
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: x
MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis
(Interferes with tRNA attachment)
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
broad spectrum drug that is a combination of other ABX that compete with enzyme to synthesize folic acid
Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Sulfonamide (“Sulfa” drugs)
MOA: Competitive inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis
(antimetabolites compete with normal substrates for an enzyme)
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Used for systemic fungal infections and is toxic to the kidneys
Drug type: Antimycotic
Family: x
MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Uses for local infections with low specificity & toxic side effects
Drug type: Antimycotic
Family: “Azoles”
MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Athletes foot
Drug type: Antimycotic
Family: “Azoles”
MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Influenza
Drug type: Antiviral
Family: x
MOA: Block receptors on the host cell mem. that bind to virus and prevent uncoating
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Management of Herpes infections
Drug type: Antiviral
Family: x
MOA: Inhibition of viral DNA or RNA synthesis
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Prevents spread of virus to uninfected neighboring host cells
Drug type: Antiviral
Family: x
MOA: Promotes interferon production
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Treatment for Viral Hepatitis
Drug type: Antiviral
Family: x
MOA: Promotes interferon production
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Management of HIV/AIDS
Drug type: Antiretroviral
Family: x
MOA: Reverse transcription and Fusion inhibitors
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Prevention and Treatment of Malaria
Drug type: Antimalarial (Antiparasitic)
Family: x
MOA: Inhibits DNA synthesis & multiplication of Plasmodium parasite
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Treatment for Giardiasis, Amoebic Dysentery, and Trichomoniasis
Drug type: Antiprotozoal (Antiparasitic)
Family: x
MOA: Interferes with anaerobic metabolism
Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:
Treatment for intestinal helminthic infections
Drug type: Antihelminthic (Antiparasitic)
Family: x
MOA: Inhibition of nutrient absorption in intestinal worms & paralysis (neuromuscular blockade) of helminths
________ test the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents on agar plates.
Disk-Diffusion method
Zone of inhibition
Disk-Diffusion method
determines ABX sensitivity & minimal inhibitory concentration
E-Test
lowest antimicrobial drug concentration that inhibits microbial growth
Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
determine the MIC & minimal bactericidal concentration of a antimicrobial drug
Broth Dilution Test
lowest antimicrobial drug concentration that kills microbes
minima bactericidal concentration (MBC)
Microbe placed in wells of diluted drugs to determine growth
Broth Dilution Test
Bacterial strains that are resistant to large numbers of ABX
Superbugs
MRSA/ VRSA, VRE, and MDR/XDR are all _____.
Superbugs
Heritable gene mutation passes down to generation of bacteria and resistance genes spread via the pilus from donor to recipient bacteria are ways that ___________.
drug resistance is caused in microbes
Over-prescribing or giving the wrong ABX, using outdated or weakened ABX, using ABX in animal feed, failing to complete the prescribed regiment, and using someone else’s leftover prescription are all examples of ________.
ABX misuse
