Chapter 18 - Practical Application of Immunology [Reversed] Flashcards
_______ injection of substances (Ags) into the body to induce an immune response
Vaccine
_______ provokes a primary immune response to form memory B cells & Ab. Leads to a rapid & intense secondary immune response.
Vaccination
_______ a substance that stimulates the immune system
Immunogen
_____ protects most of the population
Herd Immunity
weakened pathogens that closely mimic an actual infection.
Live, attenuated vaccine
killed pathogens and are safer than live vaccines
Inactivated, killed vaccines
inactivated toxin that creates an immune response that targets toxins
Toxoid vaccines
main vaccine component is combined with a strong immunogen
Conjugated vaccine
Antigenic fragments stimulate an immune response
Subunit vaccine
Inj. mRNA into host cells, creating protein Ags that stimulate host immune response
mRNA vaccine
_________ study or diagnostic examination of blood serum
Serology
______ is positive for an Ag or Ab
Positive Test
_______ is negative for Ag or Ab
Negative Test
Inv. soluble Ag and IgM or IgG.
Precipitation Reactions
a cloudy ring that forms at the equivalence zone caused by the formation of immune complexes.
Precipitin ring
A patient serum sample was taken and tested with Abs provided by the lab. After some time, a precipitin ring formed at the equivalence zone. What is the result of this test?
+ Direct Precipitation Test
A patient serum sample was taken and was discovered to have traces of IgG/IgM and tested with a substance provided by the lab. After some time, a precipitin ring formed at the equivalence zone. What is the result of this test?
+ Indirect Precipitation Test
A ______ is a precipitation blood test for Syphilis, where you look for the patients’ Abs
VDRL Test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory)
A ______ is a percipitation test used to classify different groups of Streptococci.
Lancefield Classification of Streptococcal Species
Inv. particulate Ags and IgM
Agglutination
A patient serum sample containing particulate Ags is mixed with a sample provided by the lab technician. After examining the results, the technician discovered that the patient did have a disease. What type of test is this?
+ Direct Agglutination Reaction
A patient serum sample containing Ab is mixed with particulate Ag sample provided by the lab technician. After examining the results, the technician discovered that the patient did have a disease. What type of test is this?
+ Indirect Agglutination Reaction
______ is used for figuring out different blood types from the agglutination of RBC surface Ab and complementary Abs.
Hemagglutination
_____ is an agglutination reaction that measures Ab titer and is used to differentiate b/w primary and secondary exposure
Antibody Quantitation
Determines if Abs to toxin or virus are in PT sample
Neutralization
A PT serum sample contains Ab and is mixed with a toxin & cell indicator that the lab provided. After waiting some time the cell indicator is undamaged. What is the result of this test?
+ Indirect Toxin Neutralization Test
A PT serum sample contains Ab and is mixed with a virus & RBC that the lab provided. After waiting some time the cell indicator is undamaged. What is the result of this test?
+ Indirect Viral (Hemagglutination Inhibition) Neutralization Test
________ are used to DX bacterial and viral DZ
Neutralization Reaction
A PT serum sample contains Abs and is mixed with T. pallidum and fluorescent anti-human Ab. After some time the lab tech saw a long glowing spirochete. What is the result of this test?
+ Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique Test
A PT serum sample contained long chains of cocci and is mixed with fluorescently dyed Abs. After some time the lab tech saw long chains of glowing cocci. What is the result of this test?
+ Direct Fluorescent Antibody Technique Test
________ is used to identify GAS from throat sample and if T. pallidum in PT blood is producing Ab
