Chapter 19 - Immunological Disorders (Reversed[) Flashcards by Abigail Interrante | Brainscape

Q

____ is an external source of antigen.

A

Non-self Ag

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Q

______ is an internal source of antigen.

A

Self-Ag

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Q

Pathogens and allergens, such as pollen and dust, are examples of _______.

A

Non-self Ags

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Q

Cells and/or tissues that belong to humans are examples of _______.

A

Self-Ags

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Q

________ occurs when the immune system attacks itself and is an indicator of an autoimmune disease.

A

Loss of self-tolerance

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Q

______ occurs when the immune system does not attack itself.

A

Self-tolerance

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Q

______ is a weakened immune system or response.

A

Immunosuppression

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Q

HIV/AIDS, medication for organ transplant, and chemotherapy can all lead to ______.

A

Immunosuppression

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Q

________ occurs when the immune system is partially or completely absent. The absence of the immune system can be present at birth and developed later in life.

A

Immune Deficiencies

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Q

________ occurs when the immune system is present but is either an exaggerated immune response or an altered immune response.

A

Immune Diseases

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Q

_______ are heritable, caused by defective or missing genes and the immune system is partially or completely absent.

A

Primary Congenital Deficiencies (Immune Deficiencies)

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Q

Defective B cells cause a decrease in Ab production

A

X-Linked Infantile (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia

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Q

Defective Humoral Immune Response only

A

X-Linked Infantile (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia

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Q

Defective T cells lead to a decrease in functioning T cells

A

Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)

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Q

Defective Cell-Mediated Immune response only

A

Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)

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Q

Defective stems cells lead to a decrease in both B & T cells

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

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Q

Defective Humoral & Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

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Q

Underdeveloped Thymus Cells

A

Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)

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Q

Bubble Boy Disease

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

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Q

________ are non-hereditary, acquired during a person’s life, and are caused by weakening the immune system. The immune system is partially or completely absent.

A

Secondary/Acquired Deficiencies (Immune Deficiencies)

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Q

Immune suppression medication taken by organ transplant patients to prevent rejection is a __________.

A

Secondary/Acquired Deficiency

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Q

Chemotherapy/ radiation therapy that destroys cells for cancer patients is a __________.

A

Secondary/Acquired Deficiency

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Q

An HIV infection leads to the destruction of CD4+ T cells is a ________.

A

Secondary/Acquired Deficiency

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Q

________ is an exaggerated immune response caused by non-self Ags and occurs from a previous exposure to non-self Ags

A

Hypersensitivity Reactions (Immune Diseases)

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Q

Antigens combine with IgE that is attached to mast cells or basophils

A

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

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Q

Mast cells degranulate and release histamines

A

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

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Q

Prolonged contraction of smooth muscle.

A

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Q

Blood capillaries become more permeable

A

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Q

Edema & erythema, difficulty breathing

A

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Q

_______ is caused by inhaled or ingested Ags and is treated with antihistamines. SXS are dependent on the route of entry.

A

Localized anaphylaxis (AKA allergic reaction)

Q

______ is caused by injected and some ingested Ags and can result in circulatory collapse and death. _____ can be treated with epinephrine (epi pen).

A

Systemic anaphylaxis (AKA anaphylactic shock)

Q

_______ process where Ags are inoculated below the epidemic to test for a rapid inflammatory response.

A

Skin Test

Q

_____ is a process that increases dosages of Ag injected beneath the skin. ______ produces IgG, which intercepts and neutralizes the Ag before reacting with IgE-bound basophil.

A

Desensitization

Q

Involved Ags bound to a fixed location

A

Hypersensitivity Type II (Cytotoxic) Reaction

Q

IgG/IgM target Ags on RBC or tissue cells

A

Hypersensitivity Type II (Cytotoxic) Reaction

Q

Cell lysis caused by complement activation

A

Hypersensitivity Type II (Cytotoxic) Reaction

Q

______ in involve the ABO and Rh group blood systems.

A

Transfusion Reactions

Q

Can receive all blood types

A

Blood Type AB

Q

Universal donor

A

Blood Type O

Q

_____ is an artificial passive immunity given to the mother 72 hrs. before delivery of the Rh+ fetus

A

RhoGAM

Q

________ occurs when a drug coats the cell surface, Abs are produced, and complement proteins bind to the stem region and lysis cell.

A

Drug-Induced Cytotoxic Reaction

Q

Involves Ags circulating in blood

A

Hypersensitivity Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

Q

Formation of circulating immune complexes in serum with excess Ag or Ab

A

Hypersensitivity Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

Q

Immune complexes lodge in basement membrane that attract neutrophils and activate complement., causing inflammation and tissue damage

A

Hypersensitivity Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

Q

______ exist as a result of excess Ags.

A

Serum Sickness

Q

_____ exist as a result of excess Ab

A

Arthus Reaction

Q

_______ exists when the immune complex forms in the presence of high conc. of inj. serum Ags and low antibody conc. circulating in serum.

A

Serum Sickness

Q

_______ exists when the immune complex forms in the presence of vaccine Ags and high antibody conc. circulating in serum.

A

Arthus Reactions

Q

Delayed-hypersensitivity

A

Hypersensitivity Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated Reactions)

Q

Immune response caused by Td cells

A

Hypersensitivity Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated Reactions)

Q

release cytokines that attract macrophages that initiate tissue damage

A

Hypersensitivity Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated Reactions)

Q

Chemicals combine with proteins on the skin causing an immune response

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Q

Allergic response to poison ivy, cosmetics, metals, and latex

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Q

______ occurs when the immune system responds to self-Ags causing damage to organs, & requires a lifetime of treatment

A

Autoimmune Disease

Q

Abs made and target non-self protein Ag. Abs continue to be made and target anything in the body made of protein.

A

Type I Autoimmune Disease

Q

Abs target host cells’ receptor (self-Ags)

A

Type II Autoimmune Disease

Q

Abs target receptors on skeletal muscle

A

Myasthenia Gravis (Type II Autoimmune Disease)

Q

Abs target receptors on the thyroid gland

A

Grave’s Disease (Type II Autoimmune Disease)

Q

Immune complexes form and deposit in host tissues

A

Type III Autoimmune Disease

Q

immune complexes form & lodge in the kidneys

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Type III Autoimmune Disease)

Q

immune complexes form & lodge in the joints

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (Type III Autoimmune Disease)

Q

T cell-mediated destruction of self-cells

A

Type IV Autoimmune Disease

Q

T cell destruction of neurons (myelin)

A

Multiple Sclerosis (Type IV Autoimmune Disease)

Q

T cell destruction of insulin-secreting cells (pancreas)

A

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Type I Disease (Type IV Autoimmune Disease)

Q

A