Chapter 7: The Cold War Flashcards
Who was the Cold War conflict between?
Soviets (communism) and the Americans (democratic lib)
was to divide Berlin and Germany, divide Germany into 4 zones, spark cold war
Yalta and Potsdam conference
to prevent the worldwide spread of communism
Truman Doctrine (also containment)
spend billions on economic aid, military support, free trade
Marshall Plan
Stalin imposed this that cut off all land and river transit between West Berlin and West Germany
Berlin Blockade
USA airlifts supplies to West Berlin to maintain their influence
Berlin Airlift
relies on collective security, defensive military alliance
NATO
collective defense treaty, alliance among communist bloc, goal was to provide collective security and spread communism
Warsaw Pact
territories and countries in which a powerful country dominates
Spheres of influence
using financial influence to steer countries toward capitalism
Dollar imperialism
once one country fell to an ideology, nearby countries would then follow
Domino theory
the result when opposing powers use third parties as substitues for fighting each other directly
Proxy wars
Examples of Proxy wars
Vietnam war, Korean war, Ajghanistan, Nicaragua/Guatemala
a 13-day political standoff over the installation of nuclear armed Soviet missles in Cuba
Cuban Missle Crisis
What did JFK enact to stop the Cuban Missle Crisis?
a naval blockade around Cuba
How was the Cuban Missle Crisis avoided?
the US agreed to Soviet leader Khrushchev to in exchange remove the missles from Cuba to remove their missles in Turkey
pushing your enemy to the brink of war to get what you want
Brinkmanship
Example of brinkmanship
Cuban Missle Crisis
the threat of retaliation discourages war
Deterence
Example of deterence
arms race
threat of nuclear war which could lead to destruction of both sides, and instead fight proxy wars
M.A.D
American perspective of the issue of the CMC
viewed Soviet missles in Cuba as an invasion of their sphere of influence
Soviet perspective on the issue of the CMC
Soviets wanted to protect Cuba from future invasions and were angry at the Americans for having missles in Turkey
What was at stake regarding the CMC?
the potential for nuclear war and total annihilation, both understood that if they shot a nuclear weapon both would be destroyed
What was the cause of the space race?
to prove their technological superiority by becoming the first nation to put a human into space
What marked the start to the space race?
when the Soviets launched Sputnik 1
Rosenburg case
Julius and Ethel Rosenburg were convicted of spying for the Soviet Union about American military weaponry, they became the first couple to be executed for espionage
spying or use of spies to obtain political and military info
Espionage
U-2 incident
the American govt set up U-2 spy plane over the Soviet Union which was then spotted and ordered to be shot down
What was so significant about the Great Seal presentation to the US Ambassador?
it was found six years later that there had been a listening device planted inside
the US being open to talks with the USSR leading to the thawing of the Cold War is an example of what?
Detente
easing of hostility between two countries
Detente
an example of detente where a group of Americans became the first group to get a peak inside China during a 10-day trip
ping-pong diplomacy
What is SALT I and SALT II an example of?
detente
discussions to restrain the arms race by reducing nuclear weapons
Salt 1 and Salt 2
What was the cause of the US abandoning the SALT I and II treaties?
the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?
to protect their sphere of influence
more openness, transparency and allowing more freedom of the press
Glastnost
promoting free-market incentives to factories and small businesses (embracing capitalism)
Perestroika
At the end of the Cold War, what major event happened in 1990?
East and West Germany unite
At the end of the Cold War, what major event happened in 1991?
Ukraine declares independence
What other event would match the Marshall Plan?
Molotov plan
What other event would match NATO?
Warsaw pact
What other event would match the Soviet expansion in Europe?
Truman Doctrine
What other event would match the Soviet inavsion of Afghanistan?
SALT agreements not ratified
What are the goals of foreign policy?
maintain sphere of influence and ensure global stability and peace
political persecution of anyone who was thought or deemed to be a communist, and public campaigning spreading fear on communist influence in the US
McCarthyism
What can McCarthyism be taken as?
illiberalism
exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion/excitement
Hysteria
a list of persons who are disapproved of or are to be punished or boycotted
Blacklist
an attempt to find and punish a particular group of people who are being blamed for something
Witch Hunt
