Chapter 5 - 20th Century Rejections of Liberalism

Question 1

What five measures do totalitarian regimes impose to reject liberalism and to enforce conformity?

Answer 1

very organized, youth and cultural groups promote ideology, total control and censorship of media, indoctrination through education, and secret police induces terror and paranoia

Question 2

Two most influential ideologies that rejected liberalism

Answer 2

communism and fascism

Question 3

What five techniques do authoritarian governments use to gain power and maintain it?

Answer 3

vision, propaganda, controlled participation, directing public discontent, and terror

Question 4

What the state would use to redirect its failures through

Answer 4

scapegoats

Question 5

a form of govt where political power rests with a small elite segment of society

Answer 5

Oligarchy

Question 6

system where only one party forms the govt and no other parties are permitted to run for elections

Answer 6

One party state

Question 7

a form of govt where political power resides with the military leadership

Answer 7

Military dictatorship

Question 8

where all political power is vested in the hands of one single monarch

Answer 8

Absolute monarchy

Question 9

Propaganda techniques

Answer 9

cult of personality, scapegoats, bandwagons, appealing to emotion, stereotyping, name calling

Question 10

How did Hilter use democracy to his advantage?

Answer 10

he exploited fears of citizens following the stock market crash

Question 11

The burning of the Reichstag, being Germany’s last hope, and using scapegoats could are all techniques used by Hitler and Nazis to..

Answer 11

gain popularity and get control over Germany

Question 12

In attempt to turn Russia into a communist society, what did Lenin and the Bolsheviks introduce in 1918?

Answer 12

policies known as war communism

Question 13

type of govt that employ a strong central govt, oppose democracy, and supress opposition

Answer 13

Authoritarianism

Question 14

refers to an authoritarian state run by one powerful ruler with a high degree of control over citizens personal lives

Answer 14

Totalitarianism

Question 15

Type of government in the Soviet Union

Answer 15

Totalitarianism

Question 16

Who introduced the New Economic Policy?

Answer 16

Lenin

Question 17

policy in which incorporated come aspects of capitalism in hopes of increasing agricultural and manufacturing produtivity

Answer 17

New Economic Policy

Question 18

limited private enterprise to improve devastated economy

Answer 18

New Economic Policy

Question 19

exploitation of natural resources, nationalization of heavy industry, collectivization of land from private property

Answer 19

Five Year Plans

Question 20

What was at risk if anyone was believed to be in opposition of the state under Stalin?

Answer 20

being sent to forced labor camps, known as Gulags

Question 21

an extreme right-wing, anti democratic nationalist movement which led to totalitarian forms of govt in Italy and Germany

Answer 21

Fascism

Question 22

system were property is vested in the community and each member is working for the common benefit

Answer 22

Communism

Question 23

opposing beliefs of liberalism

Answer 23

illiberalism

Question 24

govt system that seeks complete control over the public and private lives of its citizens

Answer 24

Totalitarianism

Question 25

act/right to disagree

Answer 25

Dissent

Question 26

economic policy where all land is taken away from private owners and combined in large collectively worked farms

Answer 26

Collectivization

Question 27

oppose change; idealizes the past and accepts economic inequality

Answer 27

Reactionary

Question 28

Reasons for rejecting liberalism

Answer 28

create stability, create unity/conformity, economic efficiency

Question 29

Reasons against rejecting liberalism

Answer 29

violation of individual rights, lack of peaceful change, discrimination of minority groups

Question 30

What were some terms Germany had to face from the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 30

reparation payments, loss of territory, decreased military, forbidden to unite w/ Austria, taking full blame of the war

Question 31

What was is called for Germany taking full blame for the war?

Answer 31

War Guilt Clause

Question 32

What did the rise of the Nazi party focus on?

Answer 32

german national unity, strength, traditional values, and a govt that prioritized national loyalty above all else

Question 33

What did Hitler promote?

Answer 33

absolute nationalism

Question 34

allowed Hitler to pass legislation without the approval of Reichstag

Answer 34

Enabling Act

Question 35

ability to enact total govt control of daily life in order to provide ‘safety an security’

Answer 35

Reichstag fire

Question 36

What were some changes made when fascism came into Nazi Germany?

Answer 36

restricted personal freedoms, eliminated the need for warrants for searches, eliminate opposing parties, support for private enterprise that supports the nation