Chapter 5 - 20th Century Rejections of Liberalism Flashcards
What five measures do totalitarian regimes impose to reject liberalism and to enforce conformity?
very organized, youth and cultural groups promote ideology, total control and censorship of media, indoctrination through education, and secret police induces terror and paranoia
Two most influential ideologies that rejected liberalism
communism and fascism
What five techniques do authoritarian governments use to gain power and maintain it?
vision, propaganda, controlled participation, directing public discontent, and terror
What the state would use to redirect its failures through
scapegoats
a form of govt where political power rests with a small elite segment of society
Oligarchy
system where only one party forms the govt and no other parties are permitted to run for elections
One party state
a form of govt where political power resides with the military leadership
Military dictatorship
where all political power is vested in the hands of one single monarch
Absolute monarchy
Propaganda techniques
cult of personality, scapegoats, bandwagons, appealing to emotion, stereotyping, name calling
How did Hilter use democracy to his advantage?
he exploited fears of citizens following the stock market crash
The burning of the Reichstag, being Germany’s last hope, and using scapegoats could are all techniques used by Hitler and Nazis to..
gain popularity and get control over Germany
In attempt to turn Russia into a communist society, what did Lenin and the Bolsheviks introduce in 1918?
policies known as war communism
type of govt that employ a strong central govt, oppose democracy, and supress opposition
Authoritarianism
refers to an authoritarian state run by one powerful ruler with a high degree of control over citizens personal lives
Totalitarianism
Type of government in the Soviet Union
Totalitarianism
Who introduced the New Economic Policy?
Lenin
policy in which incorporated come aspects of capitalism in hopes of increasing agricultural and manufacturing produtivity
New Economic Policy
limited private enterprise to improve devastated economy
New Economic Policy
exploitation of natural resources, nationalization of heavy industry, collectivization of land from private property
Five Year Plans
What was at risk if anyone was believed to be in opposition of the state under Stalin?
being sent to forced labor camps, known as Gulags
an extreme right-wing, anti democratic nationalist movement which led to totalitarian forms of govt in Italy and Germany
Fascism
system were property is vested in the community and each member is working for the common benefit
Communism
opposing beliefs of liberalism
illiberalism
govt system that seeks complete control over the public and private lives of its citizens
Totalitarianism
act/right to disagree
Dissent
economic policy where all land is taken away from private owners and combined in large collectively worked farms
Collectivization
oppose change; idealizes the past and accepts economic inequality
Reactionary
Reasons for rejecting liberalism
create stability, create unity/conformity, economic efficiency
Reasons against rejecting liberalism
violation of individual rights, lack of peaceful change, discrimination of minority groups
What were some terms Germany had to face from the Treaty of Versailles?
reparation payments, loss of territory, decreased military, forbidden to unite w/ Austria, taking full blame of the war
What was is called for Germany taking full blame for the war?
War Guilt Clause
What did the rise of the Nazi party focus on?
german national unity, strength, traditional values, and a govt that prioritized national loyalty above all else
What did Hitler promote?
absolute nationalism
allowed Hitler to pass legislation without the approval of Reichstag
Enabling Act
ability to enact total govt control of daily life in order to provide ‘safety an security’
Reichstag fire
What were some changes made when fascism came into Nazi Germany?
restricted personal freedoms, eliminated the need for warrants for searches, eliminate opposing parties, support for private enterprise that supports the nation
