Chapter 4 - Responding to Classical Liberalism Flashcards
A collectivist philosopher who believed people could take of each other and there was no need for representative government
Rousseau
‘On Liberty’ – book promoting individual freedom, free speech and role of government- “the harm principle”
John Mill
Discussed the invisible hand and market forces guiding the economy
Adam Smith
Dictatorship of the Proletariat will eventually wither away
Marx
Introduced Canada’s first universal health care
Tommy Douglas
Thought that dramatic changes in society such as the French revolution were not good for society, sought to keep tradition and elitism, limited suffrage
Edmund Burke
Separation of powers (US Constitution principle of checks and balances)
Montesquieu
Pushed new legislation that broke up monopolies, a “Square Deal” for Americans
Theodore Roosevelt
Government must protect man’s natural rights to life, liberty and property
Locke
Economic ideas were used to promote welfare state policies in the 1930’s in the USA
Keynes
Because human nature is characterized by fear, violence and dangerous self-interest, humans must give up freedom to one person (Leviathan)
Hobbes
The reason we have legislative, judicial and executive branches of governments
Montesquieu
Capitalism will be overthrown in a class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
Marx
Evolving economic liberalism; increasing government involvement in the economy; demand-side economic theory through fiscal and monetary policies
Keynes
Advocate moderate political and social reform through government action
Progressivism
The key principle of liberalism which states no individual is above the law
Rule of law
A time period following The Medieval Period characterized by belief in the worth of the individual
Renaissance
An economic system founded on the belief in a free market and limited government intervention
Laissez-faire capitalism
Event widely considered to mark the shift from classical liberalism to modern liberalism
The Great Depression
Acceptance of the idea that laissez-faire capitalists needed to consider the rights of workers and develop a social conscience; in America capitalists provided certain benefits to workers to prevent the growth of unions
Welfare capitalism
The right to vote
Universal suffrage
Reaction to classical liberalism stressing improvements/rights for the working class in the mid 1800’s
Chartism
A movement of skilled craftsmen who rejected the technological advancements of the Industrial Revolution
Luddites
An ideology that believes in high tax rates in order to create increased economic equality through government assistance
Socialism
European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries promoting classical liberalism
Enlightenment
Programs are offered by governments to ensure a basic standard of living
Welfare state
An economic system pre-dating capitalism stating all economic activity should serve the state through trading monopolies
Mercantilism
Reaction to classical liberalism stating the legacy of the past must be respected; thought there should be a ruling elite and limited suffrage
Classical conservatism
Public ownership of all land, workers and finances in order to create a completely equal society
Communism
Humanitarian movement opposing abuses of laissez-faire capitalism; built ‘model’ communities
Utopian socialists
A way of governing that values order and control over personal freedoms
Authoritarianism
Who made the New Deal?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Three R’s of the New Deal
relief, reovery, reform
set of domestic policies that expanded the federal governments role in the economy in response to the Great Depression
New Deal
increases rights for labor, social security, enviro. improvement programs, federal work programs
New Deal
Demand side economics
govt should take a larger role in regulating the economy through taxation and the flow of money supply
Fiscal policy
direct taxes and spending by govts
Monetary policy
centrol banks raising/lowering interest rates and printing money
Inflation
value of your dollar decreases/cost of goods increase
when a govt lowers taxes or increases govt spending on infrastructure
fiscal policy
What should the govt do during periods of economic growth?
raise interest rates, raise taxes, decrease govt spending
when a govt raises interest rates or destroys money
monetary policy
What should the govt do during periods of declining economic growth?
lower interest rates, lower taxes, increase govt spending
Feminism
belief that men and women are to be treated equally in every respect
