Chapter 3 - 19th Century Liberalism

Question 1

Principles of Individualism

Answer 1

private property, rule of law, individual rights and freedoms, competition, economic freedom, self interest

Question 2

Classical liberalism

Answer 2

ideology that embraces the principles of individualism

Question 3

A leviathan is needed to ensure security of individuals

Answer 3

Thomas Hobbes

Question 4

Govt should protect life, liberty, and property

Answer 4

John Locke

Question 5

Govt involvement is limited and can be overthrown if they over step their boundaris

Answer 5

John Locke

Question 6

Supported the separation of powers (branches of govt)

Answer 6

Montesquieu

Question 7

Checks and balances on govt will limit tyranny

Answer 7

Montesquieu

Question 8

Emphasized participation of citizens

Answer 8

Montesquieu

Question 9

Believed in the idea of ‘laissez faire’

Answer 9

Adam Smith

Question 10

Individualism, self interest and competition will naturally improve society

Answer 10

Adam Smith

Question 11

‘Invisible hand’ leads market by supply and demand, NOT govt intervention

Answer 11

Adam Smith

Question 12

The Harm Principle

Answer 12

govts only exist to prevent harm from being done by one to another

Question 13

Created the Harm Principle

Answer 13

John Mill

Question 14

If one does not harm another, they should be free to take those actions

Answer 14

John Mill

Question 15

Freedom of speech and expression are fundamental, and supported representative democracy

Answer 15

John Mill

Question 16

Key principles in humansim

Answer 16

importance of arts and literature alongside faith, and sought meaning and purpose in love, beauty, and development of self

Question 17

What is the social contract according to Locke?

Answer 17

people give up some of their natural rights to a govt to receive social order and security for themselves

Question 18

How did Montesquieu believe the govt should be structured?

Answer 18

believed there should be separation of power among the 3 branches and that they should be seperate so that one doesn’t influence another too much

Question 19

Enclosures Act

Answer 19

served the interest of merchants and business owners by forcing thousands of low income farmers into cities and towns

Question 20

What did the enclosures act result in?

Answer 20

an uncommonly large pool of cheap labour

Question 21

Physiocrats

Answer 21

a group of enlightenment philosophers in France who critiqued the prevailing economics of mercantilism

Question 22

What did physiocrats believe about society?

Answer 22

advocated that govt should leave business entrepreneurs alone to follow their natural self interest

Question 23

What things did Smith think the govt should do to keep them as a limited role in society?

Answer 23

maintain a rule of law, make sure contracts were followed, and provide some public works

Question 24

Three principle of The Great Law of Peace

Answer 24

power, health, and righteosness

Question 25

How is Nunavut’s govt system similar to liberalism?

Answer 25

no political parties, decision making based on a consensus, use of inuit languages encouraged, those elected work together to determine policies

Question 26

Intolerable Acts

Answer 26

placed restrictions on the colonists including outlawing town meetings and closing of the Boston border

Question 27

How did geographical conditions cause the american rev?

Answer 27

distance of colonies from Great Britain made an independence that was hard to overcome

Question 28

How did colonial mindset cause the american rev?

Answer 28

those willing to colonize the new world had desires of new opprotunities and freedom

Question 29

How did colonial legislatures cause the american rev?

Answer 29

they were allowed to impose taxes, have an army and pass laws which then caused conflict

Question 30

How did the enlightenent cause the american rev?

Answer 30

new ideas introduced concepts of the social contract limited govt and separation of powers

Question 31

How did the french and indian war cause the american rev?

Answer 31

left the victorious British in debt and demanding more revenue from colonies

Question 32

How did new taxes cause the american rev?

Answer 32

they were placed on a variety of items to create revenue which was to help the cost of running the colonies

Question 33

How did the Proclamation of 1763 cause the american rev?

Answer 33

prohibited settlement beyond the Appalachian mountains which many colonists took offense to

Question 34

How did the Great Law of Peace influence the american constitution?

Answer 34

ideas of separation of powers and federalism, as well as equal participation from the people in govt which included women

Question 35

What links to liberalism were adopted by those in the american and french rev?

Answer 35

freedom to do whatever as long as no harm is done, preservation of natural rights such as liberty, property and security

Question 36

Positives from the industrial rev

Answer 36

railway created many jobs and allowed fast transportation of goods, famines decreased, improved child mortality rates

Question 37

Negatives from the industrial rev

Answer 37

increase in pollution and waste, spread of disease, little to no labour laws, lots of child labour