Chapter 7 Test Review Flashcards
Cues in the present context overlap with those from the past so there is an eerie experience of having been there before.
Deja Vu
According to the __________________, items from the beginning and end of a list are remembered best.
Serial-Position Effect
__________________ images remain in sensory memory for about __________________ seconds.
Auditory; two
__________________ images remain in sensory information for a maximum of __________________ second.
Visual; One-half
Conscious intentional recollection of an event or an item of information.
Explicit Memory
The capcity to retain and retrieve information.
Memory
According to Herman Ebbinghaus’s experiments, a person’s ability to recall a list of words __________________.
Decreases dramatically during the first hour after learning the list
Infantile amnesia is probably the result of the immaturity of the __________________, undeveloped __________________ abilities, and the __________________ of infants.
Hippocampus; Language; Present-Oriented Nature
A person trying to learn the vocabulary of a foreign language can remember the foreign words by __________________, constructing links to something already familiar, and using __________________.
Maintenance Rehersal; Paired Associates
Most people forget things because of the normal processes of __________________ and __________________.
Interference; Decay
The easiest of the three basic memory tests is __________________.
Recognition
We can more easily remember bits of information by organizing them into mental represenations of the world called __________________.
Schemas
To remember information for long periods of time, facts must be transferred from __________________ to __________________.
Short-term memory; Long-term memory
The average person can hold in __________________ memory a list of __________________ items.
Short-term; seven
An eyewitness’ emmory of a crime can be distorted by __________________.
Hypnosis
Information in __________________ memory lasts for several seconds.
Short-term
The first stage of memory is __________________.
Sensory Memory
Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a better grade because of __________________.
Context-dependent Memory
One drawback of __________________ is that it does not connect memorized information with past learning.
Maintenance Rehearsal
A __________________ helps a person remember a fact by creating a __________________.
Visual Code; Mental Picture
Computers and people both handle information using the processes of __________________, __________________, and __________________.
Encoding; Storage; Retrieval
__________________ memories are so vivid because they recall events with special meanings; examples of episodic memories.
Flashbulb Memories
__________________ learned in classes at school become part of the __________________ memory.
Facts; semantic
The skills needed for riding a bicycle are stored as __________________ memories.
Implicit
An item in a series is more easily remembered because of the __________________.
Primacy Effect
Information scored as a __________________ is stored according to its meaning.
Semantic Code
Method of organizing items into familiar units so that they can be remembered more easily.
Chunking
Process in which information in short-term memory is lost when new information appears.
Interference
Memory of general knowledge.
Semantic Memory
Proces of pushing distributed memories from the conscious mind; theory of Sigmund Freud.
Repression
Loss of memories of events that occurred before the age of three.
Infantile Amnesia
Also known as the short-term memory.
Working Memory
Memory process that allows people to locate stored information and return it to conscious thought.
Retrieval
Memories are recalled better when the mood in which they were originally encoded is recreated.
State-Dependent Memories
A type of sensory register that holds visual memories.
Iconic Memory
Memory process by which we maintain encoded information over a period of time.
Storage
Memory process that translates information into a form in which it can be stored.
Encoding
Ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time.
Eidetic Memory
Memory loss of the events leading up to a traumatic event.
Retrograde Amnesia
Method of remembering information by relating it to information already known.
Elaborative Rehearsal
Acronyms, phrases, or jingle that helps in remembering information.
Mnemonic Devices
Method of repeating information over and over to keep from forgetting it.
Maintenance Rehearsal
Memory loss form trauma that prevents a person from forming new memories.
Anterograde Amnesia
Sensory register that holds mental traces of sound.
Echoic Memory
Kind of memory that consists of the skills that people have learned.
Implicit Memory
