Chapter 7 Test Review

Question 1

Cues in the present context overlap with those from the past so there is an eerie experience of having been there before.

Answer 1

Deja Vu

Question 2

According to the __________________, items from the beginning and end of a list are remembered best.

Answer 2

Serial-Position Effect

Question 3

__________________ images remain in sensory memory for about __________________ seconds.

Answer 3

Auditory; two

Question 4

__________________ images remain in sensory information for a maximum of __________________ second.

Answer 4

Visual; One-half

Question 5

Conscious intentional recollection of an event or an item of information.

Answer 5

Explicit Memory

Question 6

The capcity to retain and retrieve information.

Answer 6

Memory

Question 7

According to Herman Ebbinghaus’s experiments, a person’s ability to recall a list of words __________________.

Answer 7

Decreases dramatically during the first hour after learning the list

Question 8

Infantile amnesia is probably the result of the immaturity of the __________________, undeveloped __________________ abilities, and the __________________ of infants.

Answer 8

Hippocampus; Language; Present-Oriented Nature

Question 9

A person trying to learn the vocabulary of a foreign language can remember the foreign words by __________________, constructing links to something already familiar, and using __________________.

Answer 9

Maintenance Rehersal; Paired Associates

Question 10

Most people forget things because of the normal processes of __________________ and __________________.

Answer 10

Interference; Decay

Question 11

The easiest of the three basic memory tests is __________________.

Answer 11

Recognition

Question 12

We can more easily remember bits of information by organizing them into mental represenations of the world called __________________.

Answer 12

Schemas

Question 13

To remember information for long periods of time, facts must be transferred from __________________ to __________________.

Answer 13

Short-term memory; Long-term memory

Question 14

The average person can hold in __________________ memory a list of __________________ items.

Answer 14

Short-term; seven

Question 15

An eyewitness’ emmory of a crime can be distorted by __________________.

Answer 15

Hypnosis

Question 16

Information in __________________ memory lasts for several seconds.

Answer 16

Short-term

Question 17

The first stage of memory is __________________.

Answer 17

Sensory Memory

Question 18

Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a better grade because of __________________.

Answer 18

Context-dependent Memory

Question 19

One drawback of __________________ is that it does not connect memorized information with past learning.

Answer 19

Maintenance Rehearsal

Question 20

A __________________ helps a person remember a fact by creating a __________________.

Answer 20

Visual Code; Mental Picture

Question 21

Computers and people both handle information using the processes of __________________, __________________, and __________________.

Answer 21

Encoding; Storage; Retrieval

Question 22

__________________ memories are so vivid because they recall events with special meanings; examples of episodic memories.

Answer 22

Flashbulb Memories

Question 23

__________________ learned in classes at school become part of the __________________ memory.

Answer 23

Facts; semantic

Question 24

The skills needed for riding a bicycle are stored as __________________ memories.

Answer 24

Implicit

Question 25

An item in a series is more easily remembered because of the __________________.

Answer 25

Primacy Effect

Question 26

Information scored as a __________________ is stored according to its meaning.

Answer 26

Semantic Code

Question 27

Method of organizing items into familiar units so that they can be remembered more easily.

Answer 27

Chunking

Question 28

Process in which information in short-term memory is lost when new information appears.

Answer 28

Interference

Question 29

Memory of general knowledge.

Answer 29

Semantic Memory

Question 30

Proces of pushing distributed memories from the conscious mind; theory of Sigmund Freud.

Answer 30

Repression

Question 31

Loss of memories of events that occurred before the age of three.

Answer 31

Infantile Amnesia

Question 32

Also known as the short-term memory.

Answer 32

Working Memory

Question 33

Memory process that allows people to locate stored information and return it to conscious thought.

Answer 33

Retrieval

Question 34

Memories are recalled better when the mood in which they were originally encoded is recreated.

Answer 34

State-Dependent Memories

Question 35

A type of sensory register that holds visual memories.

Answer 35

Iconic Memory

Question 36

Memory process by which we maintain encoded information over a period of time.

Answer 36

Storage

Question 37

Memory process that translates information into a form in which it can be stored.

Answer 37

Encoding

Question 38

Ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time.

Answer 38

Eidetic Memory

Question 39

Memory loss of the events leading up to a traumatic event.

Answer 39

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 40

Method of remembering information by relating it to information already known.

Answer 40

Elaborative Rehearsal

Question 41

Acronyms, phrases, or jingle that helps in remembering information.

Answer 41

Mnemonic Devices

Question 42

Method of repeating information over and over to keep from forgetting it.

Answer 42

Maintenance Rehearsal

Question 43

Memory loss form trauma that prevents a person from forming new memories.

Answer 43

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 44

Sensory register that holds mental traces of sound.

Answer 44

Echoic Memory

Question 45

Kind of memory that consists of the skills that people have learned.

Answer 45

Implicit Memory