Chapter 13 Test Review Flashcards
Disharmony between two people’s views that causes uneasiness
Imbalance
Highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Self Actualization
Theory in which people need to organize their perceptions, opinions, and beliefs in a harmonious manner
Balance Theory
A theory suggesting that emotions often come in pairs
Opponent-Process Theory
Tendency to maintain a state of equilibrium in the body
Homeostasis
The desire to join with others and be part of something larger than oneself
Affiliation
A person’s need to become what he or she is capable of being
Self Actualization
Theory suggesting that people make attitudinal changes to reduce the tension that occurs when their thoughts and attitudes are inconsistent with their actions
Cognitive-Dissonance Theory
Disharmony between two people’s views that result in indifference
Nonbalance
A psychological need to behave according to how one thinks others expect him/her to think and behave
Cognitive Consistency
A desire for stimulation
Stimulus Motive
Behavior patterns that are genetically transmitted from generation to generation
Instincts
The removal of all stimulation from a person’s environment can cause stress
Sensory Deprivation
An internal desire to do something
Intrinsic Reward
An external reward used for motivation
Extrinsic Reward
A condition in which we require something we lack
Need
Psychologist who theorized that people’s emotions followed, rather than caused, their reaction to certain situations
William James
A stimulus that inspires a person to behave in ways designed to accomplish a specific goal
Motive
Specific goals that motivate a person to succeed
Performance Goals
A device that indicates when a person lies based on the person’s reactions
Polygraph
Internal responses generated by certain situations and thoughts
Emotions
Theory that describes people who are driven to meet high personal standards
High Achievement Motivation
A biological and psychological need that motivates an organism to take action
Drives
A concept that we have certain biological drives such as hunger; as time passes, the strength of something increases if it is not satisfied
Drive-Reduction Theory
Humanist psychologist who proposed the self-actualization theory
Abraham Maslow
Needs based mainly on body tissue needs for survival
Biological Needs
Love and safety are examples of __________.
Psychological Needs
Food, water, and air are all __________.
Biological Needs
Hunger drives are satisfied by __________ and __________.
Chewing; Swollowing
We experience hunger because of __________, __________, and __________.
Low levels in blood sugar; the activity of the hypothalamus; pressure or anxiety
We eat more when __________.
Around other people
Obesity affects __ out of every __ American adults.
1 out of every 4
Healthy weight-control programs involve __________ combined with __________
dieting; exercise
__________ may contribute to obesity by not sending a person the __________ to stop eating
Gene; biological signal
Rate at which people metabolize their food is based on the amount of __________ and __________ in their bodies.
Muscle; fat
“Start eating” and “stop eating” centers are located in the __________.
Hypothalamus
Why did psychologists criticize the James Lange Theory?
It minimizes the role of personal values and choice as factors in human behavior.
