Chapter 13 Test Review

Question 1

Disharmony between two people’s views that causes uneasiness

Answer 1

Imbalance

Question 2

Highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 2

Self Actualization

Question 3

Theory in which people need to organize their perceptions, opinions, and beliefs in a harmonious manner

Answer 3

Balance Theory

Question 4

A theory suggesting that emotions often come in pairs

Answer 4

Opponent-Process Theory

Question 5

Tendency to maintain a state of equilibrium in the body

Answer 5

Homeostasis

Question 6

The desire to join with others and be part of something larger than oneself

Answer 6

Affiliation

Question 7

A person’s need to become what he or she is capable of being

Answer 7

Self Actualization

Question 8

Theory suggesting that people make attitudinal changes to reduce the tension that occurs when their thoughts and attitudes are inconsistent with their actions

Answer 8

Cognitive-Dissonance Theory

Question 9

Disharmony between two people’s views that result in indifference

Answer 9

Nonbalance

Question 10

A psychological need to behave according to how one thinks others expect him/her to think and behave

Answer 10

Cognitive Consistency

Question 11

A desire for stimulation

Answer 11

Stimulus Motive

Question 12

Behavior patterns that are genetically transmitted from generation to generation

Answer 12

Instincts

Question 13

The removal of all stimulation from a person’s environment can cause stress

Answer 13

Sensory Deprivation

Question 14

An internal desire to do something

Answer 14

Intrinsic Reward

Question 15

An external reward used for motivation

Answer 15

Extrinsic Reward

Question 16

A condition in which we require something we lack

Answer 16

Need

Question 17

Psychologist who theorized that people’s emotions followed, rather than caused, their reaction to certain situations

Answer 17

William James

Question 18

A stimulus that inspires a person to behave in ways designed to accomplish a specific goal

Answer 18

Motive

Question 19

Specific goals that motivate a person to succeed

Answer 19

Performance Goals

Question 20

A device that indicates when a person lies based on the person’s reactions

Answer 20

Polygraph

Question 21

Internal responses generated by certain situations and thoughts

Answer 21

Emotions

Question 22

Theory that describes people who are driven to meet high personal standards

Answer 22

High Achievement Motivation

Question 23

A biological and psychological need that motivates an organism to take action

Answer 23

Drives

Question 24

A concept that we have certain biological drives such as hunger; as time passes, the strength of something increases if it is not satisfied

Answer 24

Drive-Reduction Theory

Question 25

Humanist psychologist who proposed the self-actualization theory

Answer 25

Abraham Maslow

Question 26

Needs based mainly on body tissue needs for survival

Answer 26

Biological Needs

Question 27

Love and safety are examples of __________.

Answer 27

Psychological Needs

Question 28

Food, water, and air are all __________.

Answer 28

Biological Needs

Question 29

Hunger drives are satisfied by __________ and __________.

Answer 29

Chewing; Swollowing

Question 30

We experience hunger because of __________, __________, and __________.

Answer 30

Low levels in blood sugar; the activity of the hypothalamus; pressure or anxiety

Question 31

We eat more when __________.

Answer 31

Around other people

Question 32

Obesity affects __ out of every __ American adults.

Answer 32

1 out of every 4

Question 33

Healthy weight-control programs involve __________ combined with __________

Answer 33

dieting; exercise

Question 34

__________ may contribute to obesity by not sending a person the __________ to stop eating

Answer 34

Gene; biological signal

Question 35

Rate at which people metabolize their food is based on the amount of __________ and __________ in their bodies.

Answer 35

Muscle; fat

Question 36

“Start eating” and “stop eating” centers are located in the __________.

Answer 36

Hypothalamus

Question 37

Why did psychologists criticize the James Lange Theory?

Answer 37

It minimizes the role of personal values and choice as factors in human behavior.