Chapter 6 Vocabulary Quiz

Question 1

A type of counter-conditioning in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Answer 1

Systematic Desensitization

Question 2

An originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Answer 2

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Question 3

A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

Answer 3

Learning

Question 4

Learned avoidance of a particular food - a form of classical conditioning.

Answer 4

Taste Aversion

Question 5

An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.

Answer 5

Punishment

Question 6

The act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seem similar, even if the stimuli are not identical.

Answer 6

Generalization

Question 7

Associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the netural stimulus comes to cause a conditioned response.

Answer 7

Acquisition

Question 8

Learning that certain events occur together.

Answer 8

Associative Learning

Question 9

Exposing a person to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.

Answer 9

Flooding

Question 10

A procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

Answer 10

Shaping

Question 11

An innately reinforcing stimuli.

Answer 11

Primary Reinforcer

Question 12

An act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other.

Answer 12

Discrimination

Question 13

Organisms associate their own actions with consequences: Behaviors followed by reinforcers increase; those followed by punishers decrease.

Answer 13

Operant Conditioning

Question 14

A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.

Answer 14

Extrinsic Motivation

Question 15

When the conditioned stimulus (CS) is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus (US).

Answer 15

Extinction

Question 16

The learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus.

Answer 16

Conditioned Response (CR)

Question 17

A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.

Answer 17

Classical Conditioning

Question 18

Strengthens a response by reducing or removing an aversive (undesirable) stimulus.

Answer 18

Negative Reinforcement

Question 19

The unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US).

Answer 19

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Question 20

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.

Answer 20

Respondent Behavior

Question 21

Learning that becomes apparent only when there is some incentive to demonstrate it.

Answer 21

Latent Learning

Question 22

Strengthens a response by presenting a typically pleasurable stimulus after a response.

Answer 22

Positive Reinforcement

Question 23

The reappearance of a (weakened) CR after a pause.

Answer 23

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 24

A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

Answer 24

Intrinsic Behavior

Question 25

Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.

Answer 25

Operant Behavior

Question 26

A mental representation of the layout of one’s own environment.

Answer 26

Cognitive Map

Question 27

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.

Answer 27

Conditioned Reinforcer

Question 28

Any event that strengthens, or increases the frequency of, a preceding response.

Answer 28

Reinforcement

Question 29

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.

Answer 29

Continuous Reinforcement

Question 30

A stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically-triggers a response.

Answer 30

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Question 31

Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.

Answer 31

Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement