Chapter 14 Test Review

Question 1

Transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening object

Answer 1

Displacement

Question 2

Defense mechanism in which people act contrary to their genuine feelings

Answer 2

Reaction Formation

Question 3

ArchIdeas and images of the accumulated experience of all human beings

Answer 3

Archetypes

Question 4

Obvious personality trait such as friendliness

Answer 4

Surface Trait

Question 5

Consistency between one’s self-concept and one’s experience

Answer 5

Congruence

Question 6

Channeling basic impulses into socially acceptable behavior

Answer 6

Sublimation

Question 7

Process of adapting to a new or different culture

Answer 7

Acculturation

Question 8

The young hero, fertile and nurturing mother, and wise old man are all examples of __________.

Answer 8

Archetypes

Question 9

Unconscious methods the ego uses to avoid things that may cause anxiety

Answer 9

Defense Mechanisms

Question 10

Store of human concepts shared by all people across cultures

Answer 10

Collective Unconscious

Question 11

__________ was important to Carl Rogers who believed it reinforces a person’s self-concept

Answer 11

Congruence

Question 12

Return to behavior that is characteristic of an earlier stage of development N

Answer 12

Regression

Question 13

According to Freud, __________ leads to boys to try to become like their fathers so that they will be accepted by them and no longer fear them.

Answer 13

Identification

Question 14

Imaginative and looks inward rather than to other people for ideas and energy

Answer 14

Introvert

Question 15

The pattern of feelings, motives, and behavior that sets people apart form one anther

Answer 15

Personality

Question 16

Freud believed that people sometimes deal with unacceptable impulses by __________ these outward onto other people.

Answer 16

Projecting

Question 17

Process by which people learn to perform socially desirable behavior; described by behavioral psychologists

Answer 17

Socialization

Question 18

Active and self-expressive and energized by interactions with other people

Answer 18

Extrovert

Question 19

Psychologist whose list of personality traits is most similar to that of Hippocrates

Answer 19

Hans Eysenck

Question 20

Single, underlying trait that gives rise to clusters of traits

Answer 20

Source Trait

Question 21

Defense mechanism that uses self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior or ideas

Answer 21

Rationalization

Question 22

Aspects of personality that are considered to be reasonably stable

Answer 22

Traits

Question 23

Gives a persona sense of who she or he is as an individual

Answer 23

Self Concept

Question 24

Personality theorist who developed the idea of basic anxiety

Answer 24

Karen Horney

Question 25

Stands for reason and good sense

Answer 25

Ego

Question 26

Refusal to accept the reality of a bad or upsetting situation

Answer 26

Denial

Question 27

Part of the mind guided by the reality principle

Answer 27

Ego

Question 28

Defense mechanism that pushed anxiety-causing ideas into the unconscious

Answer 28

Repression

Question 29

Feelings of inadequacy and insecurity

Answer 29

Inferiority complex

Question 30

Personality theory that played the biggest role in matching people to educational programs and jobs based on their personality; criticized for not explaining where the traits come from

Answer 30

Trait Theory

Question 31

Humanist psychologist who believed differences in personality is the result of combinations of traits

Answer 31

Abraham Maslow

Question 32

Psychologist who urged that personality is the result of free choice and action

Answer 32

Carl Rogers

Question 33

Psychologist who argued that an individual’s personality is the result of a combination of traits

Answer 33

Gordon Allport

Question 34

Personality is the result of inner conflicts between drives and rules

Answer 34

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 35

Focuses on the role of culture, gender, and ethnicity; found high-self asteem among people who are bicultural

Answer 35

Sociocultural Perspective

Question 36

Personality theorist who believed people are motivated by feelings of inferiority

Answer 36

Alfred Adler

Question 37

Developed analytic theory; stressed human behavior is motivated by mysticism and religion

Answer 37

Carl Jung

Question 38

Part of the mind that is governed by the pleasure principle

Answer 38

Id

Question 39

Freud believed that conflicts that occur during any of the stages of personality development may cause a person to become __________.

Answer 39

Fixated

Question 40

Part of the mind that fuctions according to the moral principle

Answer 40

Superego

Question 41

Ancient greek physician who believed that personality traits are the result of different combinations of the body’s humors

Answer 41

Hippocrates