Chapter 14 Test Review Flashcards
Transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening object
Displacement
Defense mechanism in which people act contrary to their genuine feelings
Reaction Formation
ArchIdeas and images of the accumulated experience of all human beings
Archetypes
Obvious personality trait such as friendliness
Surface Trait
Consistency between one’s self-concept and one’s experience
Congruence
Channeling basic impulses into socially acceptable behavior
Sublimation
Process of adapting to a new or different culture
Acculturation
The young hero, fertile and nurturing mother, and wise old man are all examples of __________.
Archetypes
Unconscious methods the ego uses to avoid things that may cause anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
Store of human concepts shared by all people across cultures
Collective Unconscious
__________ was important to Carl Rogers who believed it reinforces a person’s self-concept
Congruence
Return to behavior that is characteristic of an earlier stage of development N
Regression
According to Freud, __________ leads to boys to try to become like their fathers so that they will be accepted by them and no longer fear them.
Identification
Imaginative and looks inward rather than to other people for ideas and energy
Introvert
The pattern of feelings, motives, and behavior that sets people apart form one anther
Personality
Freud believed that people sometimes deal with unacceptable impulses by __________ these outward onto other people.
Projecting
Process by which people learn to perform socially desirable behavior; described by behavioral psychologists
Socialization
Active and self-expressive and energized by interactions with other people
Extrovert
Psychologist whose list of personality traits is most similar to that of Hippocrates
Hans Eysenck
Single, underlying trait that gives rise to clusters of traits
Source Trait
Defense mechanism that uses self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior or ideas
Rationalization
Aspects of personality that are considered to be reasonably stable
Traits
Gives a persona sense of who she or he is as an individual
Self Concept
Personality theorist who developed the idea of basic anxiety
Karen Horney
Stands for reason and good sense
Ego
Refusal to accept the reality of a bad or upsetting situation
Denial
Part of the mind guided by the reality principle
Ego
Defense mechanism that pushed anxiety-causing ideas into the unconscious
Repression
Feelings of inadequacy and insecurity
Inferiority complex
Personality theory that played the biggest role in matching people to educational programs and jobs based on their personality; criticized for not explaining where the traits come from
Trait Theory
Humanist psychologist who believed differences in personality is the result of combinations of traits
Abraham Maslow
Psychologist who urged that personality is the result of free choice and action
Carl Rogers
Psychologist who argued that an individual’s personality is the result of a combination of traits
Gordon Allport
Personality is the result of inner conflicts between drives and rules
Psychoanalytic Theory
Focuses on the role of culture, gender, and ethnicity; found high-self asteem among people who are bicultural
Sociocultural Perspective
Personality theorist who believed people are motivated by feelings of inferiority
Alfred Adler
Developed analytic theory; stressed human behavior is motivated by mysticism and religion
Carl Jung
Part of the mind that is governed by the pleasure principle
Id
Freud believed that conflicts that occur during any of the stages of personality development may cause a person to become __________.
Fixated
Part of the mind that fuctions according to the moral principle
Superego
Ancient greek physician who believed that personality traits are the result of different combinations of the body’s humors
Hippocrates
