Chapter 7 Substance use disorders Quiz 2

Question 1

addiction

Answer 1

use of a drug that is accompanied by a physiological dependence on it, made evident by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

Question 2

amphetamines

Answer 2

a group of stimulating drugs that produce heightened levels of energy and, in large doses, nervousness, sleeplessness and paranoid delusions

Question 3

caffeine

Answer 3

perhaps the world’s most popular drug; a generalised stimulant of body systems, including the sympathetic nervous system. Though seldom viewed as a drug, caffeine is addictive, produces tolerance and subjects habitual users to withdrawal

Question 4

cannabis

Answer 4

a drug derived from the dried and ground leaves and stems of the female hemp plant Cannabis sativa

Question 5

cocaine

Answer 5

a pain-reducing, stimulating and addictive alkaloid obtained from coca leaves that increases mental powers, produces euphoria, heightens sexual desire and in large doses causes paranoia and hallucinations

Question 6

controlled drinking

Answer 6

a pattern of alcohol consumption that is moderate, avoiding the extremes of total abstinence and of inebriation

Question 7

cross-dependent

Answer 7

acting on the same neurotransmitter receptors as methadone does with heroin

Question 8

ecstasy

Answer 8

a relatively new hallucinogen, chemically similar to mescaline and the amphetamines

Question 9

flashback

Answer 9

an unpredictable recurrence of experiences from an earlier drug high

Question 10

foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 10

retarded growth of the developing foetus and infant involving cranial, facial and limb anomalies as well as intellectual disabilities; caused by heavy consumption of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy

Question 11

hallucinogen

Answer 11

a drug or chemical, such as LSD, psilocybin or mescaline, whose effects include hallucinations; often called a psychedelic

Question 12

hashish

Answer 12

the dried resin of the cannabis plant, stronger in its effects than the dried leaves and stems that constitute cannabis

Question 13

heroin

Answer 13

an extremely addictive narcotic drug derived from morphine

Question 14

LSD

Answer 14

lysergic acid diethylamide, a drug synthesised in 1938 and discovered by accident to be a hallucinogen in 1943

Question 15

MDMA

Answer 15

methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a chemical component of ecstasy; initially used as an appetite suppressant for World War I soldiers and derived from precursors found in nutmeg, dill, saffron and sassafras

Question 16

methadone

Answer 16

a synthetic addictive heroin substitute for treating those addicted to heroin that eliminates its effects and the cravings

Question 17

methamphetamine

Answer 17

an amphetamine derivative whose abuse skyrocketed in the 1990s

Question 18

nicotine

Answer 18

the principal alkaloid of tobacco (an addicting agent)

Question 19

nitrous oxide

Answer 19

a gas that, when inhaled, produces euphoria and sometimes giddiness

Question 20

opiates

Answer 20

a group of addictive sedatives (including codeine, morphine and oxycodone) that, in moderate doses, relieve pain and induce sleep

Question 21

oxycodone

Answer 21

an opiate combined with other drugs to produce prescription pain medications, including the commonly abused drug OxyContin

Question 22

secondhand (or passive) smoke

Answer 22

the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette; contains higher concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar than the smoke inhaled by the smoker

Question 23

stimulant

Answer 23

a drug, such as cocaine, that increases alertness and motor activity and at the same time reduces fatigue, allowing an individual to remain awake for an extended period of time

Question 24

substance use disorders

Answer 24

disorders in which drugs such as alcohol and cocaine are abused to such an extent that behaviour becomes maladaptive, social and occupational functioning are impaired and control or abstinence becomes impossible. Dependence on the drug may be physiological and produce tolerance and withdrawal

Question 25

tolerance

Answer 25

a physiological process in which greater and greater amounts of an addictive drug are required to produce the same effect

Question 26

withdrawal

Answer 26

negative physiological and psychological reactions evidenced when a person suddenly stops taking an addictive drug; reactions include cramps, restlessness and even death