Chapter 7 Substance use disorders Quiz 2 Flashcards
addiction
use of a drug that is accompanied by a physiological dependence on it, made evident by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
amphetamines
a group of stimulating drugs that produce heightened levels of energy and, in large doses, nervousness, sleeplessness and paranoid delusions
caffeine
perhaps the world’s most popular drug; a generalised stimulant of body systems, including the sympathetic nervous system. Though seldom viewed as a drug, caffeine is addictive, produces tolerance and subjects habitual users to withdrawal
cannabis
a drug derived from the dried and ground leaves and stems of the female hemp plant Cannabis sativa
cocaine
a pain-reducing, stimulating and addictive alkaloid obtained from coca leaves that increases mental powers, produces euphoria, heightens sexual desire and in large doses causes paranoia and hallucinations
controlled drinking
a pattern of alcohol consumption that is moderate, avoiding the extremes of total abstinence and of inebriation
cross-dependent
acting on the same neurotransmitter receptors as methadone does with heroin
ecstasy
a relatively new hallucinogen, chemically similar to mescaline and the amphetamines
flashback
an unpredictable recurrence of experiences from an earlier drug high
foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
retarded growth of the developing foetus and infant involving cranial, facial and limb anomalies as well as intellectual disabilities; caused by heavy consumption of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy
hallucinogen
a drug or chemical, such as LSD, psilocybin or mescaline, whose effects include hallucinations; often called a psychedelic
hashish
the dried resin of the cannabis plant, stronger in its effects than the dried leaves and stems that constitute cannabis
heroin
an extremely addictive narcotic drug derived from morphine
LSD
lysergic acid diethylamide, a drug synthesised in 1938 and discovered by accident to be a hallucinogen in 1943
MDMA
methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a chemical component of ecstasy; initially used as an appetite suppressant for World War I soldiers and derived from precursors found in nutmeg, dill, saffron and sassafras
methadone
a synthetic addictive heroin substitute for treating those addicted to heroin that eliminates its effects and the cravings
methamphetamine
an amphetamine derivative whose abuse skyrocketed in the 1990s
nicotine
the principal alkaloid of tobacco (an addicting agent)
nitrous oxide
a gas that, when inhaled, produces euphoria and sometimes giddiness
opiates
a group of addictive sedatives (including codeine, morphine and oxycodone) that, in moderate doses, relieve pain and induce sleep
oxycodone
an opiate combined with other drugs to produce prescription pain medications, including the commonly abused drug OxyContin
secondhand (or passive) smoke
the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette; contains higher concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar than the smoke inhaled by the smoker
stimulant
a drug, such as cocaine, that increases alertness and motor activity and at the same time reduces fatigue, allowing an individual to remain awake for an extended period of time
substance use disorders
disorders in which drugs such as alcohol and cocaine are abused to such an extent that behaviour becomes maladaptive, social and occupational functioning are impaired and control or abstinence becomes impossible. Dependence on the drug may be physiological and produce tolerance and withdrawal
tolerance
a physiological process in which greater and greater amounts of an addictive drug are required to produce the same effect
withdrawal
negative physiological and psychological reactions evidenced when a person suddenly stops taking an addictive drug; reactions include cramps, restlessness and even death
