Chapter 10 Disorders of childhood Quiz 2

Question 1

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 1

a disorder in children marked by difficulties in focusing adaptively on the task at hand, inappropriate fidgeting and antisocial behaviour, and excessive non-goal-directed behaviour

Question 2

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 2

a diagnostic category in DSM-5 that includes different clinical specifiers relating to severity and extent of language impairment

Question 3

childhood onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Answer 3

communication disorder of childhood marked by frequent and pronounced verbal dysfluencies, such as repetitions of certain sounds

Question 4

communication disorders

Answer 4

learning disorders in a child who fails to develop to the degree expected by his or her intellectual level in a specific language skill area; include speech sounds disorder and child onset fluency disorder

Question 5

conduct disorder

Answer 5

pattern of extreme disobedience in youngsters, including theft, vandalism, lying and early drug use

Question 6

developmental psychopathology

Answer 6

the field that studies disorders of childhood within the context of normal life-span development

Question 7

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Answer 7

a form of intellectual disability caused by a third copy of a particular chromosome; involves an IQ usually less than 50 as well as distinctive physical characteristics

Question 8

dyscalculia

Answer 8

learning disorder characterised by difficulty recalling arithmetic facts, counting objects and aligning numbers in columns

Question 9

dyslexia

Answer 9

a learning disorder involving significant difficulty with word recognition, reading comprehension and (typically) spelling

Question 10

externalising disorders

Answer 10

domain of childhood disorders characterised by outward-directed behaviours, such as aggressiveness, non-compliance, overactivity and impulsiveness; the category includes attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

Question 11

fragile X syndrome

Answer 11

a chromosomal abnormality involving a mutation in the fMR1 gene on the X chromosome

Question 12

intellectual disability

Answer 12

a disorder characterised by below-average intellectual functioning associated with impairment in adaptive behaviour and identified at an early age

Question 13

internalising disorders

Answer 13

domain of childhood disorders characterised by inward-focused experiences and behaviours, such as depression, social withdrawal and anxiety; the category includes childhood anxiety and mood disorders

Question 14

joint attention

Answer 14

interactions between two people require paying attention to each other, whether speaking or communicating emotion nonverbally. This is impaired in children with autism spectrum disorder

Question 15

motor disorder

Answer 15

a learning disorder characterised by marked impairment in the development of motor coordination that is not accounted for by a physical disorder such as cerebral palsy

Question 16

multisystemic treatment (MST)

Answer 16

treatment for serious juvenile offenders that involves delivering intensive and comprehensive therapy services in the community, targeting the adolescent, the family, the school, and, in some cases, the peer group, in ecologically valid settings and using varied techniques

Question 17

parent management training (PMT)

Answer 17

behavioural program in which parents are taught to modify their responses to their children so that prosocial rather than antisocial behaviour is consistently rewarded

Question 18

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 18

a genetic deficiency in a liver enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, that causes severe intellectual disability unless phenylalanine can be largely restricted from the diet

Question 19

pronoun reversal

Answer 19

a speech problem in which the child refers to himself or herself as ‘he,’ ‘she,’ or ‘you’ and uses ‘I’ or ‘me’ in referring to others; often found in the speech of children with autistic disorder

Question 20

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 20

a disorder in which the child feels intense fear and distress when away from someone on whom he or she is very dependent

Question 21

specific learning disorders

Answer 21

a set of developmental disorders encompassing dyslexia and dyscalculia; characterised by failure to develop in a specific academic area to the degree expected by the child’s intellectual level

Question 22

speech sounds disorder

Answer 22

communication disorder in childhood in which some words sound like baby talk because the person is not able to make certain speech sounds