Chapter 6 Schizophrenia Quiz 2

Question 1

alogia

Answer 1

a negative symptom in schizophrenia, marked by poverty of thought and speech

Question 2

anhedonia

Answer 2

a negative symptom in schizophrenia or a symptom in depression in which the individual experiences a loss of interest and pleasure

Question 3

anticipatory pleasure

Answer 3

expected or anticipated pleasure for events, people or activities in the future

Question 4

asociality

Answer 4

a negative symptom of schizophrenia marked by the loss of the importance of relationships, and an inability to form close relationships and to feel intimacy

Question 5

avolition

Answer 5

a negative symptom in schizophrenia in which the individual lacks interest and drive

Question 6

blunted affect

Answer 6

a negative symptom of schizophrenia that involves a lack of outward expression of emotion

Question 7

brief psychotic disorder

Answer 7

a disorder in which a person has a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms — incoherence, loose associations, delusions, hallucinations — immediately after a severely disturbing event; the symptoms last more than one day but no more than one month

Question 8

catatonia

Answer 8

constellation of schizophrenia symptoms including repetitive, peculiar, complex gestures and, in some cases, an almost manic increase in overall activity level. It can also manifest as immobility, with a fixity of posture maintained for long periods, with accompanying muscular rigidity, trancelike state of consciousness and waxy flexibility

Question 9

clinical high-risk study

Answer 9

a study that identifies people who show subtle or early clinical signs of a disorder, such as schizophrenia, and then follows them over time to determine who might be at risk for developing the disorder

Question 10

cognitive remediation therapy (CRT)

Answer 10

a behavioural training based intervention that targets cognitive processes such as attention, concentration, memory, executive function, speed of processing, social cognition or metacognition

Question 11

consummatory pleasure

Answer 11

pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of a pleasurable stimulus

Question 12

delusional disorder

Answer 12

a disorder in which the individual has persistent delusions and is very often contentious but has no disorganised thinking or hallucinations

Question 13

delusions

Answer 13

beliefs contrary to reality, firmly held in spite of evidence to the contrary and out of keeping with the person’s own community or cultural background. They can include: of control, belief that one is being manipulated by some external force such as radar, television or a creature from outer space; of grandeur, belief that one is an especially important or powerful person; of persecution, belief that one is being plotted against or oppressed by others

Question 14

dementia praecox

Answer 14

an older term for schizophrenia, believed then to be an incurable and progressive deterioration of mental functioning beginning in adolescence

Question 15

derailment

Answer 15

see loose associations

Question 16

disorganised behaviour

Answer 16

symptom of schizophrenia that is marked by odd behaviours that do not appear organised, such as bouts of agitation, unusual dress or childlike, silly behaviour

Question 17

disorganised speech

Answer 17

speech found in schizophrenia patients that is marked by poorly organised ideas and speech that is difficult for others to understand; also known as formal thought disorder

Question 18

disorganised symptoms

Answer 18

broad category of symptoms in schizophrenia that includes disorganised speech, disorganised thinking and disorganised behaviour

Question 19

expressed emotion (EE)

Answer 19

hostility, criticism and emotional overinvolvement directed from other people towards the patient, usually within a family

Question 20

familial high-risk study

Answer 20

a study involving the offspring of people with a disorder, such as schizophrenia, who have a high probability of later developing a disorder

Question 21

grandiose delusion

Answer 21

a delusion of an exaggerated sense of one’s importance, power, knowledge or identity

Question 22

hallucinations

Answer 22

perceptions in any sensory modality without relevant and adequate external stimuli

Question 23

ideas of reference

Answer 23

delusional thinking that reads personal significance into seemingly trivial remarks or activities of others and completely unrelated events

Question 24

loose associations (derailment)

Answer 24

in schizophrenia, an aspect of disorganised thinking wherein the patient has difficulty sticking to one topic and drifts off on a train of associations

Question 25

loss of insight

Answer 25

a loss of the ability of a person to recognise that their symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, are part of an illness, that they need treatment to help control these symptoms and that it is reasonable for them to see mental health professionals for this help

Question 26

negative symptoms

Answer 26

a symptom domain characterised by deficits that include blunted affect, anhedonia, asociality, alogia and avolition

Question 27

positive symptoms

Answer 27

a symptom domain characterised by hallucinations and delusions

Question 28

prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

the region of the frontal lobe of the brain that helps maintain an image of threats and rewards faced, as well as maintain focus and plan relevant to those threats and rewards

Question 29

schizoaffective disorder

Answer 29

diagnosis applied when a patient has symptoms of both mood disorder and either schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia

Question 30

schizophrenia

Answer 30

a disorder characterised by disturbances in thought, emotion, behaviour, cognition and mood; disordered thinking in which ideas are not logically related; delusional beliefs; faulty perception, such as hallucinations; disturbances in attention; disturbances in motor activity; blunted expression of emotion; reduced desire for interpersonal relations and withdrawal from people; diminished motivation and anticipatory pleasure; cognitive deficits in attention, concentration, memory, executive functioning and social cognition

Question 31

schizophreniform disorder

Answer 31

diagnosis given to people who have all the symptoms of schizophrenia for more than four weeks but less than six months

Question 32

second-generation antipsychotic drugs

Answer 32

any of several drugs, such as clozapine, used to treat schizophrenia that produce fewer motor adverse effects than traditional antipsychotics while reducing positive and disorganised symptoms at least as effectively; may, however, be associated with increased and serious adverse effects of other varieties

Question 33

social selection hypothesis

Answer 33

an attempt to explain the correlation between social class and schizophrenia by arguing that people with schizophrenia tend to move downward in socioeconomic status

Question 34

social skills training

Answer 34

behaviour therapy procedures, such as modelling and behaviour rehearsal, for teaching individuals how to meet others, talk to them and maintain eye contact, give and receive criticism, offer and accept compliments, make requests and express feelings and otherwise improve their relations with other people

Question 35

sociogenic hypothesis

Answer 35

an idea that seeks causes in social conditions, for example, that being in a low social class can cause one to develop schizophrenia