Chapter 6 Schizophrenia Quiz 2 Flashcards
alogia
a negative symptom in schizophrenia, marked by poverty of thought and speech
anhedonia
a negative symptom in schizophrenia or a symptom in depression in which the individual experiences a loss of interest and pleasure
anticipatory pleasure
expected or anticipated pleasure for events, people or activities in the future
asociality
a negative symptom of schizophrenia marked by the loss of the importance of relationships, and an inability to form close relationships and to feel intimacy
avolition
a negative symptom in schizophrenia in which the individual lacks interest and drive
blunted affect
a negative symptom of schizophrenia that involves a lack of outward expression of emotion
brief psychotic disorder
a disorder in which a person has a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms — incoherence, loose associations, delusions, hallucinations — immediately after a severely disturbing event; the symptoms last more than one day but no more than one month
catatonia
constellation of schizophrenia symptoms including repetitive, peculiar, complex gestures and, in some cases, an almost manic increase in overall activity level. It can also manifest as immobility, with a fixity of posture maintained for long periods, with accompanying muscular rigidity, trancelike state of consciousness and waxy flexibility
clinical high-risk study
a study that identifies people who show subtle or early clinical signs of a disorder, such as schizophrenia, and then follows them over time to determine who might be at risk for developing the disorder
cognitive remediation therapy (CRT)
a behavioural training based intervention that targets cognitive processes such as attention, concentration, memory, executive function, speed of processing, social cognition or metacognition
consummatory pleasure
pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of a pleasurable stimulus
delusional disorder
a disorder in which the individual has persistent delusions and is very often contentious but has no disorganised thinking or hallucinations
delusions
beliefs contrary to reality, firmly held in spite of evidence to the contrary and out of keeping with the person’s own community or cultural background. They can include: of control, belief that one is being manipulated by some external force such as radar, television or a creature from outer space; of grandeur, belief that one is an especially important or powerful person; of persecution, belief that one is being plotted against or oppressed by others
dementia praecox
an older term for schizophrenia, believed then to be an incurable and progressive deterioration of mental functioning beginning in adolescence
derailment
see loose associations
disorganised behaviour
symptom of schizophrenia that is marked by odd behaviours that do not appear organised, such as bouts of agitation, unusual dress or childlike, silly behaviour
disorganised speech
speech found in schizophrenia patients that is marked by poorly organised ideas and speech that is difficult for others to understand; also known as formal thought disorder
disorganised symptoms
broad category of symptoms in schizophrenia that includes disorganised speech, disorganised thinking and disorganised behaviour
expressed emotion (EE)
hostility, criticism and emotional overinvolvement directed from other people towards the patient, usually within a family
familial high-risk study
a study involving the offspring of people with a disorder, such as schizophrenia, who have a high probability of later developing a disorder
grandiose delusion
a delusion of an exaggerated sense of one’s importance, power, knowledge or identity
hallucinations
perceptions in any sensory modality without relevant and adequate external stimuli
ideas of reference
delusional thinking that reads personal significance into seemingly trivial remarks or activities of others and completely unrelated events
loose associations (derailment)
in schizophrenia, an aspect of disorganised thinking wherein the patient has difficulty sticking to one topic and drifts off on a train of associations
loss of insight
a loss of the ability of a person to recognise that their symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, are part of an illness, that they need treatment to help control these symptoms and that it is reasonable for them to see mental health professionals for this help
negative symptoms
a symptom domain characterised by deficits that include blunted affect, anhedonia, asociality, alogia and avolition
positive symptoms
a symptom domain characterised by hallucinations and delusions
prefrontal cortex
the region of the frontal lobe of the brain that helps maintain an image of threats and rewards faced, as well as maintain focus and plan relevant to those threats and rewards
schizoaffective disorder
diagnosis applied when a patient has symptoms of both mood disorder and either schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia
schizophrenia
a disorder characterised by disturbances in thought, emotion, behaviour, cognition and mood; disordered thinking in which ideas are not logically related; delusional beliefs; faulty perception, such as hallucinations; disturbances in attention; disturbances in motor activity; blunted expression of emotion; reduced desire for interpersonal relations and withdrawal from people; diminished motivation and anticipatory pleasure; cognitive deficits in attention, concentration, memory, executive functioning and social cognition
schizophreniform disorder
diagnosis given to people who have all the symptoms of schizophrenia for more than four weeks but less than six months
second-generation antipsychotic drugs
any of several drugs, such as clozapine, used to treat schizophrenia that produce fewer motor adverse effects than traditional antipsychotics while reducing positive and disorganised symptoms at least as effectively; may, however, be associated with increased and serious adverse effects of other varieties
social selection hypothesis
an attempt to explain the correlation between social class and schizophrenia by arguing that people with schizophrenia tend to move downward in socioeconomic status
social skills training
behaviour therapy procedures, such as modelling and behaviour rehearsal, for teaching individuals how to meet others, talk to them and maintain eye contact, give and receive criticism, offer and accept compliments, make requests and express feelings and otherwise improve their relations with other people
sociogenic hypothesis
an idea that seeks causes in social conditions, for example, that being in a low social class can cause one to develop schizophrenia
