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PSYCH 105 > Chapter 7-Social Psych > Flashcards

Chapter 7-Social Psych Flashcards

1
Q

in groups

A

groups that people belong to

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2
Q

out groups

A

groups that people do not belong to

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3
Q

membership is based on two things:

A

reciprocity and transitivity

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4
Q

prejudice

A

“us-them” thinking and attitude

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5
Q

in group favouritism

A

attribute positive qualities to your in group

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6
Q

out group derogation

A

attribute negative qualities to out group

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7
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

competition for limited resources foster prejudice
-worsens hostility towards minority groups/out groups
-feeling threats to their in group

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8
Q

social identity theory

A

people have a sense of pride within their group membership
-prejudice stems from a need to enchance self esteem

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9
Q

stereotype

A

schema that makes processing easy
-categorize groups
-based on membership to certain groups

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10
Q

subtyping

A

a person that happens to be an exception to a stereotype

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11
Q

stereotype threat

A

-stereotypes create this fear and self-consciousness among groups that they are going to live up to other people’s stereotypes and confirm them
-create a change in behaviour

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12
Q

attributions

A

explanations for different events and people’s different behaviours
-understand why things happen

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13
Q

personal attributions

A

behaviour is caused by characteristics and internal factors such as traits, moods, and efforts

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14
Q

situational attributions

A

behaviour is caused by situations
-luck,accidents, actions of others

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15
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

underestimate situational factors and overestimate personal factors

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16
Q

individual cultures have more _____ attributions while collectivist cultures consider more ______ attributions

A

personal;situational

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17
Q

nonverbal behaviour

A

looking at someone and within a few seconds, interpret what is it that they’re conveying with their non-verbal defense

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18
Q

four psychological reasons for affliliation (connection)

A

-obtain positive stimulation
-receive emotional support
-gain attention
-social comparison

PEAS
p=postive stimulation
e=emotional support
a=attention
s=social comparison

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19
Q

social relations

A

-spend more time with other people
-high need for affiliation
-strong sense of community and engagement
-fear of being abandoned

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20
Q

initial attraction

A

why do you want to be with some people and not others
-see people as reliable and competent

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21
Q

physical proximity

A

how often are you physically near each other

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22
Q

mere exposure effect

A

familiarity/ how often you see each other

23
Q

attractiveness

A

more likely to assume positive characteristics with those who are physically attractive

24
Q

passionate love

A

intense and sexual

25
Q

compassionate love

A

caring, commitment, supporting

26
Q

triangular theory of love/consummate love

A

intimacy, passion, and commitment

27
Q

social loafing

A

do not put in much work when in a group
-failing to pull your weight

28
Q

collective effort model- low effort in a group because:

A
  1. individual performance is not being monitored
  2. goal or task has little value
  3. group is less important
  4. task is simple and persons effort is redundant
29
Q

group polarization

A

average opinion of group becomes more extreme

30
Q

normative social influence

A

causes group polarization due to fear of looking silly
-when a person conforms in order to be accepted and belong to a group
-conform to beliefs
-try to gain approval

31
Q

informational social influence

A

causes group polarization
-when things are uncertain, ppl will look at the group for how to respond, what to think, and what to do

32
Q

groupthink

A

when a group ignores critical thinking when seeking agreement

33
Q

groupthink causes

A
  1. high stress
  2. insulation from outside input
  3. directive leader who promotes his or her personal agenda
  4. high group cohesion
34
Q

conformity and obedience

A

adjustment of behaviours, attitudes, beliefs to a group standard

35
Q

factors that affect conformity

A

group size
presense of a dissenter
type of culture
minority influence

36
Q

compliance

A

tendency to agree to do things that people ask of you

37
Q

norm of reciprocity

A

expectation that when others treat us well, we should treat them well too

38
Q

door in the face technique

A

make a large request then follow up with a smaller request

39
Q

foot in the door technique

A

obtain a small request then later present a larger request

40
Q

attitudes

A

positive or negative evaluative reactions toward a stimulus

41
Q

two factors in attitude

A
  1. are aware of attitudes and strongly held attitudes
    2.attitudes predict general behaviour
42
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

psychological tension is created when an individual’s behavior is inconsistent with his or her thoughts and belief
-strive for consistency

43
Q

counter attitundinal behaviour

A

behavior that is inconsistent with an attitude.
-do something against what we believe in

44
Q

persuasion

A

active and conscious effort to change an attitude or behaviour through a message

45
Q

three things persuasion includes

A

communicator, message, and audience

46
Q

the mere presence others can…

A

enchance or hinder performance

47
Q

eusocial

A

animals that live in groups, cooperative care of juveniles, multiple generations, division of labor

48
Q

aggression

A

any behaviour that involves intention to harm another

49
Q

frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

frustration leads to aggression and all aggression is a result of frustration
-disproven

50
Q

factors of aggressive behaiours

A

-self justification
-attritbution of intentionality
-degree of empathy

51
Q

biological factors of aggression

A

-testosterone levels are higher
-disruption to serotonin leads to impulsivity=agression
-MAOA
-culture of honor=mans importance to react violently to protect

52
Q

prosocial behaviours

A

behaviour that has the intent of benefitting others

53
Q

who do we help?

A

-people who are similar to us

54
Q

just world hypothesis

A

some people get what they deserve
-view the world as fair

PSYCH 105 (6 decks)

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