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PSYCH 105 > Chapter 5-Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

historical persepective on abnormal behaviour

A

result of supernatural forces
-treatment=trephination (hole in the skull)

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2
Q

what is abnormal behaviour

A

behaviour that is personally distressing, dysfunctional, and culturally deviant
-innapropriate or maladaptive

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3
Q

vulnerability-stress model/diathesis-stress model

A

everyone has a vulnerability for a disorder, given sufficient stress

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4
Q

DSM-5

A

-diagnostic classification system
-detailed behaviour must be present for diagnosis

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5
Q

comorbidity

A

overlap in psych disorders

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6
Q

P-factor

A

measure of psychopathy in all types of disorders
-associated with more life impairment (higher P value=worse symptoms and vise versa)

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7
Q

cultural context

A

how we tend to diagnose people

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8
Q

internalizing disorder vs externalizing disorder

A

internalizing-characterized by negative emotions
externalizing-high impulse and out of control

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9
Q

emotional symptoms of anxiety

A

feelings of tension, apprehension (fear something bad will happen)

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10
Q

cognitive symptoms of anxiety

A

worrying, thoughts about inability to cope (anxiety about anxiety)

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11
Q

physiologicial symptoms of anxiety

A

increased heart rate, muscle tension, other autonomic arousal symptoms
-continously arousing nervous system

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12
Q

behavioural symptoms of anxiety

A

affects daily life
-avoidance of feared situations
-decreased task performance
-increased startle response

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13
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

constantly anxious about everything
-a lot of apprehension
-always alert and ready for something to be wrong

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14
Q

phobic disorder

A

strong, exaggerated fear to a specific thing
-irrational fear that they feel hopeless and make a lot of effort to avoid
-can’t get rid of on ur own
-comorbididty with anxiety

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15
Q

cognitive and behavioural components of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

cognitive-repeated, unwanted, and obsessive thoughts that are intrustive and can’t get rid of
behavioural-compulisive and repetitive behaviours in an attempt to reduce anxiety

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16
Q

casual factors in anxiety:
biological factors:
-_______
-low levels of _______ and serotonin

Differences in sex or gender
-________exhibit more anxiety

Possible explanations: sex-linked biological disposition

Evolutionary factors

Psychological factors:
-psychoanalytic explanations
-cognitive explanations: _____thoughts and beliefs

A

genetics; GABA; females; maladaptive

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17
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

-intense fear or being fat
-severely restrict food intake

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18
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

binge and purge

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19
Q

personality factors for anorexics and bulimcs

A

anorexics-high achievement standards
bulimic-depressed, anxious

20
Q

emotional symptoms of depression

A

sadness, hopelessness, anxiety, misery, inability to enjoy things, loneliness

21
Q

cognitive symptoms of depression

A

negative thoughts about self, world and future, low self esteem

22
Q

motivational symptoms of depression

A

loss of interest for things, lack of drive, difficult starting anything

23
Q

somatic symptoms of depression

A

loss of appetite, lack of energy, sleep difficulties, weight loss/gain

24
Q

manic state

A

euphoric mood
-hyperative/no sleep
-rapid speech

25
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

extreme manic episodes + some depressive episodes

26
Q

bipolar II disorder

A

mildly elevated moods (hypomania) +depression episodes

27
Q

casual factors in depression

A

-genetics
-underactivity of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

28
Q

casual factors in bipolar disorder

A

-stronger genetic component
-overproduction of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

29
Q

depressive cognitive triad

A

negative thoughts concerning
-the world, oneself, and the future
-cannot be suppressed

30
Q

hypochondriasis (illness anxiety disorder)

A

think that a physical symptom means more than it actually is

31
Q

functional neurological symptom disorder

A

feel loss of sensation, blindness
-glove anesthesia

32
Q

schizophrenia type I

A

positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech

33
Q

schizohphrenia type II

A

negative symptoms such as lack of emotion and expression

34
Q

schizophrenia symptoms

A

-delusions
-hallucinations
-disorganized behaviour (language)
-lack of apthathy, emotion, and movement

35
Q

schizophrenia bio factors

A

-genetics
-brain-enlarged ventricles, atrophy (loss of neurons in different parts of the brain)
-dopamine hypothesis-overactivity of dopamine system

36
Q

environmental factors in schizophrenia

A

-high stress events
-family dynamics
-high expressed emotion

37
Q

social causation hypothesis

A

higher levels of stress among low income

38
Q

social drift hypothesis

A

as personal and occupational functioning deteriorates=drift down socio-economic ladder

39
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

selective memory loss following trauma

40
Q

dissociative fugue

A

loss of all personal identity after very stressful event that goes on for hours to years
-create a new life and wake up not remembering old life before event

41
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

2 or more separate personalities called alters that are unique from one another
-caused by severe traumatic experience in early childhood

42
Q

personality disorders

A

exhibit stable, ingrained, inflexible, and maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving

43
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

-lack of conscience, concern
-little anxiety and guilt
-highly manipulative,
-disregards laws and rules
-developed in childhood

44
Q

factors in antisocial personality disorder

A
  • Biological factors
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Dysfunction in brain structures
  • MRI - prefrontal cortex
  • Psychological and environmental factors
  • Psychodynamic view
  • Lack of a superego
  • Learning explanations
  • No conditioned fear responses
    when punished
  • Exposure to deviant peers
45
Q

borderline personality disorder (BPD)

A

-instability in behaviour, emotion, and identity
-emotional dysregulation
-intense and unstable personal relationships
-impulsive behaviours

46
Q

factors for BPD

A
  • Chaotic personal histories
  • Treated malevolently
  • First memories are negative
  • Caregivers – abusive, rejecting, non-affirming
  • Biological factors

PSYCH 105 (6 decks)

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