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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 7- Skin And Its Appendages > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Skin And Its Appendages Flashcards

1
Q

What are the appendages of the skin?

A

Hair
Nail
Glands

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2
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

The organs that compose the outer covering of the body.

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3
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermoepidermal junction
Dermis
Hypodermis

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4
Q

What are the 4 main skin cells?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic cells
Merkel cells

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5
Q

What is keratinocytes?

A

Cells filled keratin.

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6
Q

What is keratin?

A

Tough fibrous protein.
-makes up 90% of epidermal cells
Found in hair, nails and the organic matrix of tooth enamel.

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7
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

The cells that are responsible for skin pigmentation. Dark pigmentation reduces the amount of UV damage.

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8
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells.
Immune system cells with long finger like projections that live in all layers of the epidermis.

They identify bacteria and other invaders and present them to immune system.

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9
Q

What are Merkel cells?

A

Also called “tactile cells”
Pressure sensor cells that connect to blood vessels and nerves and form complexes call tactile disks or Merkel disks.

They are found in the papillary layer, reticular layer and hypodermis layer

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10
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A 
Surface film
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
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11
Q

Describe the surface film layer of the epidermis.

A

Thin film coating of the skin that protects the skin from irritates, provides lubrication and hydration and produces antibacterial and antifungal compounds.

Made up of a mixture is sweat, sebum, dead skin cells and various chemicals

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12
Q

Describe the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis.

A

“Horny layer”
Most superficial layer of skin.
Composed of several layers of dead cells (corneocytes); mostly made of dense networks of keratin fibers cemented together to form a tough waterproof barrier

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13
Q

Describe the stratum lucidum layer of the epidermis.

A

“Clear layer”
Layer of squamous cells filled with a keratin precursor
Not visible in thin skin.

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14
Q

Describe the stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis.

A

“Granular layer”
2-5 layers of dying, somewhat flattened cells filled with a substance needed to produce keratin.

Nuclei disappear in the layer.

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15
Q

Describe the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis.

A

“Spiny layer”

8-10 layers of cells that are pulled by desmosomes to give a spiny appearance.

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16
Q

What is stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis?

A

“Growth layer”

Used to describe the stratum basale and stratum spinosum together.

17
Q

Describe the stratum basale layer of the epidermis.

A

“Base layer”
Single layer of mostly columnar cells, contains keratinocytes and melanocytes.

Only layer of the epidermis that is capable of mitosis. All layers are dying versions of this layer.

18
Q

What is the dermoepidermal junction?

A

The “basement layer”

A unique and complex arrangement of adhesive compounds the “glue” the epidermis to the dermis.

19
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The superficial layers of skin

  • Made up entirely of keratinized stratified squamous cells epithelium
  • Contains hairs, sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
20
Q

What is the dermis?

A

The deep primary layers of skin
Called the “true skin”
Made up of fibrous tissues and includes some blood vessels, muscles and nerves.

21
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

What do they produce?

A

Epidermal glands that produce sebum.

22
Q

What is sebum?

A

Skin oils.

23
Q

What are the 2 layers in the dermis?

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

24
Q

Describe the papillary layer of the dermis.

A

“Nipple layer”
Thin layer of loose fibrous tissue with collagenous and elastic fibers.

Contains tactile disks (Merkel disks)
Forms finger and toe prints

25
Q

Describe the reticular layer of the dermis.

A 
“Relating to little net”
Tough network (reticulum) of collagenous irregular fibrous tissues and sone elastic fibers.

Includes Merkel disks.

26
Q

Describe the hypodermis.

A

Also call the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia.

Loose connective tissue (areolar) and adipose tissue (fat).

Not part of the skin, but below it.
Includes skin ligaments that strongly connect the skin to underlying structure, lamellar corpuscles and other sensors.

27
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A 
Protection
Sensation
Flexibility 
Excretion
Hormone production 
Immunity
Homeostasis of body temperature
28
Q

Describe the 4 types of skin glands.

A
  • Eccrine sweat glands- the common sweat gland
  • Apocrine sweat gland- deep subcutaneous gland found in the armpit, areola and dark skin around the anus.
  • Sebaceous glands- skin oil glands
  • Ceruminous gland- makes ear wax

Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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