CHAPTER 7 SKELETON SYSTEM BONES

Question 1

types of bones?

Answer 1

2 types of bones

spongy- 20% bone mass-internal to compact bone, porous

compact-80% bone mass- white smooth solid

Question 2

Cartilage

Answer 2

more flexible than bone
NO BLOOD VESSELS (avascular)
2 types

Question 3

Cartilage types?

Answer 3

Hyaline CARTILAGE-costal,articular, epiphyseal plates

fIBROCARTILAGE- weight bearing
intervertebra; disc
pubic symphysis
menisci of knee

Question 4

FUNCTIONS OF BONE

Answer 4

support& protect- framework for body

levers movement- is attachment for skeletal
muscles, tissues and some organs

Hematopoiesis- produce blood cell
occurs in erd bone marrow

storage of mineral and energy reserves- calcium and phosphate

Question 5

Classification of bones ?

Answer 5

4 bone classifications
1. long bones- length greater vs width
ex- femur, humerus

2. short bones-length& width equal- carpals & tarsals

3.Flat bones- flat ,thin, slightly curved
ex- cranial bones

4. irregular bones-complex shapes
   ex vertebrae

Question 6

epiphysis

Answer 6

knobby region at end of long bone

Question 7

Articular cartilage

Answer 7

reduces friction
absorbs shock in moveable joints

Question 8

periosteum

Answer 8

tough sheath covering surface of bone

Question 9

Endosteum

Answer 9

covers the internal surface of bone in the medullary cavity

contains
osteprogenitor cells
osteoblasts osteo clasts

Question 10

BONE BLOOD SUPPLY

Answer 10

highly vascularized i area of spongy bone

Question 11

nutrient foramen

Answer 11

small opening or hole on bone
provides nutrients hrough artey entrance ad vein exit

Question 12

Bone marrow

Answer 12

2 types
red and yellow bone marrow

RED BONE MARROW
1. red bone marrow- in children insiden of lspongy long bones

2.only in axial skeleton- ex skull, vertebrae,ribshumerus and femur

Question 13

Cells of the bone

Answer 13

4 cell types in bone

1. osteprogenitor cells
   2.osteoblasts
   3.osteocytes
   4.osteoclasts

Question 14

phagocytic cells?

Answer 14

ingest and digest engulf microorganisms

Question 15

depression pit

Answer 15

lacuna

Question 16

Organic components of bone matrix?

Answer 16

proteoglycans&glycoproteins

Question 17

inorganic component

Answer 17

calcium phosphate

Question 18

Bone formation

Answer 18

begins

secrteion of osteoid in osteo blast

calcification(mineralization) hydroxyapatite crystals around collagen fiber

Question 19

Bone resorption

Answer 19

occurs when calcium level is low in blood

Question 20

canaliculi

Answer 20

exchange nutrients, minerals gases
wastes between blood vessels and osteocytes

Question 21

Hyaline cartilage structure

Answer 21

has prosteoglycans NO CALCIUM

high water- 60-70%

avascular no blood vessels, no nerves

Question 22

Ossification(osteogenisi)

Answer 22

begins
intramembrabous ossification or endochondrial ossification

Question 23

dermal ossification

Answer 23

bone growth in a membrane

Question 24

Hormones that influence bone growth?

Answer 24

somatrotropin
IGF
THYRPID HORMONE
SEX HORMONES
GLUCOCORDICOIDS
SEROTONIN

Question 25

CALCIUM REQUIRED FOR?

Answer 25

1. initiation of muscle contraction

2.exocytosis of molecules from cells include
neurons

3.stimulation of heart by pacemaker cells

4.blood clotting

Question 26

how is calcium regulated ?

Answer 26

2 primary hormones regulate calcium
1. calcitriol
2.parathyroid hormone

Question 27

__________ acts synergistically to increase release of calcium from bone into blood increasing osteoclast activity

Answer 27

bone

Question 28

———— stimulate the kidney to excrete less calcium in urine

Answer 28

kidneys

Question 29

calcitriol

Answer 29

only increases absorption of calcium from small intestine into blood.