Chapter 5 Tissues Flashcards
How many types of tissues are there and names?
4 types of tissues
1.epithelial
2. Connective
3.Muscle
4. Nervous
What is the study of tissues?
Histology
Epithelial function and composition?
Function
Covers body and organ surfaces,lines cavities forms glands
Composition- tightly packed
Minimal extra cellular matrix
Connective tissue composition and function ?
Composition- has cells ,protein fibers ,and ground substance .
Function- bind ,support ,and protect organs
Muscle tissue function and composition?
Composition- cylindral cells, or spindle shaped. Myo filaments
Function- moves skeleton organ walls or body structures.
Tissue is contractile , conductive, elastic,extensible and excitable
Nervous tissue functions and composition ?
Function- Nero us transmit nerve impulses and process information ; glial cells support, protect and nourish neurons
Composition- contains Neurons and glial cells
Epithelial tissue location and composition?
Covers body surfaces
Lines body cavities
Forma majority of glands
Cellularity
Tightly packed cells
Which cells lack blood vessels ?
Epithelial cells are Avascular
No blood vessels
How is epithelial tissue classified ?
Epithelial tissue is classified by number of cell layers and shape
How many epithelial tissue types and what are they called. ?
3 types
1.Simple epithelial- 1 layer thick
Function -Filter, absorption , or secretion
2.stratified epithelium -2 or more layers
Function -mechanical stress
3.pseudostratified epithelium
Appears layered
Function- all cells contact basement membrane
Epithelium shapes?
- Squamous- flat, wide irregular
Flat nucleus
2.cuboidal cells- as tall as wide
Spherical nucleus in center
3.columnar cells - slender ,tall,
Oval nucleus lengthwise in basal region
- Transitional cells- change In Shape depends on stretch of epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Lines air sacs in lungs(alveoli)
Vessels walls(endothelium)
Serous membrane (mesothelioma)
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Ideal for structural components of glands
Found in thyroid gland follicle surface of ovary ducts of most exocrine glands
What cells are ideal for secretory and absorptive functions ?
Simple columnar epithelium
What are 2 forms of simple columnar epithelium?
- Nonciliated - contains microvili
Unicellular glands - goblet cells
Secrete glycoprotein - mucin
Forms mucus when mixed with water
LINes most of digestive tract from stomach to anal canal
- Ciliated- bronchioles
Uterine tubes
Pseudostratufied columnar epithelium has how many forms ?
Appears as multilayer cells
2
forms
1.Ciliated - goblet cells secrete mucin
Located in passageways of realities system
2.nonCiliated- no cilia or goblet cells
Occurs in male urethra and epidudymis
Which occurs in male urethra and epididymis?
Non Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium function and location ?
Multiple cell layers
Protects against abrasion and friction
Exist in keratinized and non keratinized forms
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium location and nucleus status?
Dead cells
No nuclei ; has keratin
Found in epidermis of skin
Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium are found where ? What is there status ?
Cells alive
Found in oral cavity , pharynx esophagus vaginal, anus
stratified cuboidal epithelium function and loaction?
function -protection and secretion
ex: sweat glands, male urethra, periphery of ovarian follicles
where are stratified columnar epithelium found?
found in large ducts of salivary g;ands
male urethra
transitional epithelium
limited to urinary tract
strectched state biniculated cells-2 nuclei allows stretching when bladder fills
binucleated
2 nuclei
types of glands
endocrine or exorine
endocrine glands examples and characteristics?
thyroid & Adrenal
no DUCTS
secrete hormone in blood
exocrine glands
have DUCT
ex; sweat glands, mammary glands, salicary glands
common unicellular exocrine gland?
goblet cell
multicelular exocrine glands are what?
Acini- cell clusters that produce secretions
Ducts- transport secretions to epithelial surface
partitio into LOBES
how are exocrine glands classified?
method of secretion
How many methods of secretion are there?
3 types
merorine- lacrimal,sweat, salivary,gastric
apocrine-mammary
holocrine-sebaceous
Connective tissue in a suppportive matrix origante from where?
embryonic tissue- mesenchyme
what is mesenchy?
embryonic connective tissue
connective tissue share what?
3 components
cells
proteins fibers
ground substance
examples of conective tissue?
bone and blood
what has high regenerative capacity?
bone and blood
can cartilage regenerate?
NO cartilage cannot regenearte only blood and bone.
how many classes of connective tissue and name?
2 classes of connetive tissue
REsident cells
wandering cells
Resident cells
stationary,permanent housed in CT
maintain, support, repair extracellular matrix
EXAMPLES OF RESIDENT CELLS
Fibroblast
Adipocytes
Mesenchymal
fixed macrophages
Wandering cells
types of leukocytes , white blood cells repair damaged extracellular matrix
how many types of Protein fibers?
3 types
collagen fibers
reticular fibers
Elastic fibers
numerous in tendons and ligaments
Collagen fibers
type of protein fiber
in tendons and ligaments
Reticular fibers
stroma of some organs
lymph node , spleen liver
Elastic fibers
has protein elastin(yellow fiber)
in skin
walls of arteries
what is Ground substance and consistencys?
molecular
produced by coonective tissue cells
can be viscous- (blood)
semisolid-(cartilage)
solid-(bone)
Extra cellular matrix?
made from ground substance + protein fibers
how many Functions of connective tissue and names?
5 functions of connective tissues
- physical protection
- support and structural frameword
3.binding structures
4.storage
5.immune protection
how many Connective tissue types and names?
3 types of connective tissues
1.Areolar
2.Adipose
3.Reticular
Aereolar connective tissue function and location?
function-protects tissue and organs
binds skin & epithelia
provide blood vessel and nerves space
located-
papilary layer of dermis (skin)
subcutanous layer (deep skin)
surrounding organs
nerve cells
muscle cells
blood vessel walls
Adipose connective tissue function and loaction?
function-
store energy
insulate
cushion adn protect
loaction-subcutaneous layer
surrounds , covers organs
Reticular connective tissue location and function?
the function of reticular tissue
provide stroma(supportive framework) to lympahtic organs
location- spleen
lymph nodes
red bone marrow
how many Dense connective tissue categories?
3 categories
1.Dense regular
2.dense irregular
3.Elastic- in wals of large arteries, trachea, vocal cords
Dense regular connective tissue Location?
Tendons(attach muscle to bone); ligaments(bone to bone)
Elastic connective tissue location ?
walls of elastic arteries(aorta)
trachea
vocal cords
how many Supporting connectiv e tissue types?
2 types
1. Cartilage- more flexible cannot regenerate
avascualr(no blood vessels)
2. Bone- vascular has blood vessels
Chondrocytes are what?
mature cells that occupy small spaces called lacunae
How manssy types of Cartilage?
3 types of cartilage
1.Hyaline cartilage- in nose trachea, larynx, coastal cartilage. function- support
2.Fibrocartilage-iinside ntravertable disc,public symphysis, menisci of knee joint.
function - weight bearing, shock absorber
- Elastic Cartilage- in external ear and epiglottis.
function to maintain shape
how many bone types ?
2 types of bones
spongy bone - inside of bone
compact bone- formed by osteons
Bone functions?
- levers for skeletal muscle movement
- supports soft tissue
3.protects vital organs
4.stores minerals( calcium,phosphorus)
5.spongy bone houses hematopoietic cells that ake blood cells
what are hematopoietic cells?
hematopeietic cells make blood
what is an example of fluid connective tissue?
Blood is Fluid connective tissue
what is plasma?
liquid ground substance
what does plasma do?
plasma dissolves proteins
transports nutrients water& hormones
how many types of fluid connective tissue?
2 types of fluid connective tissue
Blood and lymph
lymph?
delivered from blood plasma
no cellular components
returns to bloodstream
How many types of muscle tissue?
3 types of muscle tissue
1.skeletal
2.cardiac
3. smooth
skeletal muscle tissue
has skeletal muscle fibers, strations
voluntary
cardiac muscle tissue
Confined to middle layer of heart wall myocardium
involuntary
Smooth muscle tissue loaction?
in walls of intestines
stomach
airways
bladder,uterus and blood vessels
helps movement through organs
nervous tissue location adn function ?
function-transfer and integrate info.
location- brain, spinal cord, and nerves
cells called neurons
parts of a neuron?
cell body- house of oragnelles
nerve cell processes- extend from cell
dendrite-receive incoming signals & trasnmit info
axon-single long process from cell
what are the longest cells in the body ?
neurons !! longest cell
what makes an Oragan?
2 or more tissues to perform specific complex function
how many types of Body membranes?
4 types body membranes
1. Mucous
2.Serous
3. cutaneous
4.Synovial
Mucous membrane also known as?
mucosa
Mucous membranes (mucosa) located ?
digestive, respitory, urinary,reproductive tracts
cutaneous membrane?
aslo known as SKIN
composed of
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
protects internal organs
prevents water loss
