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Anatomy And Psychology > Chapter 5 Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

How many types of tissues are there and names?

A

4 types of tissues
1.epithelial
2. Connective
3.Muscle
4. Nervous

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2
Q

What is the study of tissues?

A

Histology

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3
Q

Epithelial function and composition?

A

Function
Covers body and organ surfaces,lines cavities forms glands

Composition- tightly packed
Minimal extra cellular matrix

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4
Q

Connective tissue composition and function ?

A

Composition- has cells ,protein fibers ,and ground substance .

Function- bind ,support ,and protect organs

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5
Q

Muscle tissue function and composition?

A

Composition- cylindral cells, or spindle shaped. Myo filaments

Function- moves skeleton organ walls or body structures.

Tissue is contractile , conductive, elastic,extensible and excitable

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6
Q

Nervous tissue functions and composition ?

A

Function- Nero us transmit nerve impulses and process information ; glial cells support, protect and nourish neurons

Composition- contains Neurons and glial cells

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue location and composition?

A

Covers body surfaces
Lines body cavities
Forma majority of glands

Cellularity
Tightly packed cells

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8
Q

Which cells lack blood vessels ?

A

Epithelial cells are Avascular
No blood vessels

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9
Q

How is epithelial tissue classified ?

A

Epithelial tissue is classified by number of cell layers and shape

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10
Q

How many epithelial tissue types and what are they called. ?

A

3 types
1.Simple epithelial- 1 layer thick
Function -Filter, absorption , or secretion

2.stratified epithelium -2 or more layers
Function -mechanical stress

3.pseudostratified epithelium
Appears layered
Function- all cells contact basement membrane

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11
Q

Epithelium shapes?

A
  1. Squamous- flat, wide irregular
    Flat nucleus

2.cuboidal cells- as tall as wide
Spherical nucleus in center

3.columnar cells - slender ,tall,
Oval nucleus lengthwise in basal region

  1. Transitional cells- change In Shape depends on stretch of epithelium
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12
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Lines air sacs in lungs(alveoli)
Vessels walls(endothelium)
Serous membrane (mesothelioma)

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13
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Ideal for structural components of glands

Found in thyroid gland follicle surface of ovary ducts of most exocrine glands

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14
Q

What cells are ideal for secretory and absorptive functions ?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What are 2 forms of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Nonciliated - contains microvili
    Unicellular glands - goblet cells
    Secrete glycoprotein - mucin
    Forms mucus when mixed with water

LINes most of digestive tract from stomach to anal canal

  1. Ciliated- bronchioles
    Uterine tubes
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16
Q

Pseudostratufied columnar epithelium has how many forms ?

A

Appears as multilayer cells
2
forms
1.Ciliated - goblet cells secrete mucin
Located in passageways of realities system

2.nonCiliated- no cilia or goblet cells
Occurs in male urethra and epidudymis

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17
Q

Which occurs in male urethra and epididymis?

A

Non Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium function and location ?

A

Multiple cell layers
Protects against abrasion and friction
Exist in keratinized and non keratinized forms

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19
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium location and nucleus status?

A

Dead cells
No nuclei ; has keratin
Found in epidermis of skin

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20
Q

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium are found where ? What is there status ?

A

Cells alive
Found in oral cavity , pharynx esophagus vaginal, anus

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21
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium function and loaction?

A

function -protection and secretion
ex: sweat glands, male urethra, periphery of ovarian follicles

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22
Q

where are stratified columnar epithelium found?

A

found in large ducts of salivary g;ands
male urethra

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23
Q

transitional epithelium

A

limited to urinary tract
strectched state biniculated cells-2 nuclei allows stretching when bladder fills

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24
Q

binucleated

A

2 nuclei

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25
Q

types of glands

A

endocrine or exorine

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26
Q

endocrine glands examples and characteristics?

A

thyroid & Adrenal
no DUCTS
secrete hormone in blood

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27
Q

exocrine glands

A

have DUCT
ex; sweat glands, mammary glands, salicary glands

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28
Q

common unicellular exocrine gland?

A

goblet cell

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29
Q

multicelular exocrine glands are what?

A

Acini- cell clusters that produce secretions
Ducts- transport secretions to epithelial surface
partitio into LOBES

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30
Q

how are exocrine glands classified?

A

method of secretion

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31
Q

How many methods of secretion are there?

A

3 types
merorine- lacrimal,sweat, salivary,gastric
apocrine-mammary
holocrine-sebaceous

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32
Q

Connective tissue in a suppportive matrix origante from where?

A

embryonic tissue- mesenchyme

33
Q

what is mesenchy?

A

embryonic connective tissue

34
Q

connective tissue share what?

A

3 components
cells
proteins fibers
ground substance

35
Q

examples of conective tissue?

A

bone and blood

36
Q

what has high regenerative capacity?

A

bone and blood

37
Q

can cartilage regenerate?

A

NO cartilage cannot regenearte only blood and bone.

38
Q

how many classes of connective tissue and name?

A

2 classes of connetive tissue
REsident cells
wandering cells

39
Q

Resident cells

A

stationary,permanent housed in CT
maintain, support, repair extracellular matrix

40
Q

EXAMPLES OF RESIDENT CELLS

A

Fibroblast
Adipocytes
Mesenchymal
fixed macrophages

41
Q

Wandering cells

A

types of leukocytes , white blood cells repair damaged extracellular matrix

42
Q

how many types of Protein fibers?

A

3 types
collagen fibers
reticular fibers
Elastic fibers
numerous in tendons and ligaments

43
Q

Collagen fibers

A

type of protein fiber
in tendons and ligaments

44
Q

Reticular fibers

A

stroma of some organs
lymph node , spleen liver

45
Q

Elastic fibers

A

has protein elastin(yellow fiber)
in skin
walls of arteries

46
Q

what is Ground substance and consistencys?

A

molecular
produced by coonective tissue cells
can be viscous- (blood)
semisolid-(cartilage)
solid-(bone)

47
Q

Extra cellular matrix?

A

made from ground substance + protein fibers

48
Q

how many Functions of connective tissue and names?

A

5 functions of connective tissues

  1. physical protection
  2. support and structural frameword
    3.binding structures
    4.storage
    5.immune protection
49
Q

how many Connective tissue types and names?

A

3 types of connective tissues
1.Areolar
2.Adipose
3.Reticular

50
Q

Aereolar connective tissue function and location?

A

function-protects tissue and organs
binds skin & epithelia
provide blood vessel and nerves space

located-
papilary layer of dermis (skin)
subcutanous layer (deep skin)
surrounding organs
nerve cells
muscle cells
blood vessel walls

51
Q

Adipose connective tissue function and loaction?

A

function-
store energy
insulate
cushion adn protect

loaction-subcutaneous layer
surrounds , covers organs

52
Q

Reticular connective tissue location and function?

A

the function of reticular tissue
provide stroma(supportive framework) to lympahtic organs

location- spleen
lymph nodes
red bone marrow

53
Q

how many Dense connective tissue categories?

A

3 categories
1.Dense regular
2.dense irregular
3.Elastic- in wals of large arteries, trachea, vocal cords

54
Q

Dense regular connective tissue Location?

A

Tendons(attach muscle to bone); ligaments(bone to bone)

55
Q

Elastic connective tissue location ?

A

walls of elastic arteries(aorta)
trachea
vocal cords

56
Q

how many Supporting connectiv e tissue types?

A

2 types
1. Cartilage- more flexible cannot regenerate
avascualr(no blood vessels)
2. Bone- vascular has blood vessels

57
Q

Chondrocytes are what?

A

mature cells that occupy small spaces called lacunae

58
Q

How manssy types of Cartilage?

A

3 types of cartilage
1.Hyaline cartilage- in nose trachea, larynx, coastal cartilage. function- support

2.Fibrocartilage-iinside ntravertable disc,public symphysis, menisci of knee joint.
function - weight bearing, shock absorber

  1. Elastic Cartilage- in external ear and epiglottis.
    function to maintain shape
59
Q

how many bone types ?

A

2 types of bones
spongy bone - inside of bone
compact bone- formed by osteons

60
Q

Bone functions?

A
  1. levers for skeletal muscle movement
  2. supports soft tissue
    3.protects vital organs
    4.stores minerals( calcium,phosphorus)
    5.spongy bone houses hematopoietic cells that ake blood cells
61
Q

what are hematopoietic cells?

A

hematopeietic cells make blood

62
Q

what is an example of fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood is Fluid connective tissue

63
Q

what is plasma?

A

liquid ground substance

64
Q

what does plasma do?

A

plasma dissolves proteins
transports nutrients water& hormones

65
Q

how many types of fluid connective tissue?

A

2 types of fluid connective tissue
Blood and lymph

66
Q

lymph?

A

delivered from blood plasma
no cellular components
returns to bloodstream

67
Q

How many types of muscle tissue?

A

3 types of muscle tissue
1.skeletal
2.cardiac
3. smooth

68
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

has skeletal muscle fibers, strations
voluntary

69
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

Confined to middle layer of heart wall myocardium
involuntary

70
Q

Smooth muscle tissue loaction?

A

in walls of intestines
stomach
airways
bladder,uterus and blood vessels

helps movement through organs

71
Q

nervous tissue location adn function ?

A

function-transfer and integrate info.
location- brain, spinal cord, and nerves

cells called neurons

72
Q

parts of a neuron?

A

cell body- house of oragnelles

nerve cell processes- extend from cell

dendrite-receive incoming signals & trasnmit info

axon-single long process from cell

73
Q

what are the longest cells in the body ?

A

neurons !! longest cell

74
Q

what makes an Oragan?

A

2 or more tissues to perform specific complex function

75
Q

how many types of Body membranes?

A

4 types body membranes
1. Mucous
2.Serous
3. cutaneous
4.Synovial

76
Q

Mucous membrane also known as?

A

mucosa

77
Q

Mucous membranes (mucosa) located ?

A

digestive, respitory, urinary,reproductive tracts

78
Q

cutaneous membrane?

A

aslo known as SKIN
composed of
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
protects internal organs
prevents water loss

Anatomy And Psychology (11 decks)

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