Chapter 7 Review - Membrane Structure & Function

Question 1

endocytosis

Answer 1

the process of using energy to bring something into the cell

Question 2

facilitated diffusion

Answer 2

using proteins to aid in diffusion when molecules are moving down their concentration gradient

Question 3

osmosis

Answer 3

diffusion of water down its concentraion gradient

Question 4

ECM

Answer 4

structure found on the outside of the animal cell; used for support and recognition

Question 5

amphipathic

Answer 5

something has a hydrophic and a hydrophilic part

Question 6

davson, danielli

Answer 6

came up with sandwich model for the plasma membrane with the phospholipids on the inside and the protein layers on the outside

Question 7

passive transport

Answer 7

transport across the plasma membrane that does not require energy

Question 8

isotonic

Answer 8

type of solution where the solute concentration on the outside is equal to that on the inside

Question 9

gated channels

Answer 9

electrical or chemical stimulus causes these channels to open or close

Question 10

pinocytosis

Answer 10

bringing small particles into the cell; uses energy (drinking)

Question 11

electrogenic pump

Answer 11

these generate voltage across a membrane

Question 12

glycoproteins

Answer 12

components of the ECM that are used for recognition

Question 13

aquaporins

Answer 13

channels in the plasma membrane that allow water through

Question 14

integral proteins

Answer 14

proteins that go all the way through the membrane

Question 15

singer, nicolson

Answer 15

came up with current fluid mosaic model for the plasma membrane

Question 16

membrane potential

Answer 16

voltage across the membrane

Question 17

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 17

form of bring things into the cell where a molecule has to bind to a receptor on the outside of the cell in order to signal the process of bringing it in; requires energy

Question 18

cotransport

Answer 18

when something is pumped out of (or into) the cell and then diffuses back in (or out) by attaching to a different molecule

Question 19

sodium potassium pump

Answer 19

most common electrogenic pump in animal cells

Question 20

exocytosis

Answer 20

process of moving things out of the cell; uses energy

Question 21

osmoregulation

Answer 21

adaptations that organisms have to control the water balance in hypotonic or hypertonic solutions

Question 22

diffusion

Answer 22

movement of molecules down their concentration gradient; does not use energy

Question 23

cholesterol

Answer 23

molecule found in the cell membrane that can either make the membrane more rigid or more fluid depending on the temperature of the environment

Question 24

peripheral proteins

Answer 24

proteins that are found either on the inside or outside of the cell membrane (not through)

Question 25

phagocytosis

Answer 25

cell-eating; process of bringing up larger molecules into the cell; requres energy

Question 26

oligosaccharide

Answer 26

short polysaccharide chains that function as markers in the ECM