Chapter 6 Review - Cells

Question 1

middle lamella

Answer 1

the area between plant cell walls that “glues” cells together

Question 2

ribosomes

Answer 2

site of protein synthesis

Question 3

microfilaments

Answer 3

part of the cytoskeleton that is made up of actin

Question 4

nucleoid

Answer 4

the region where DNA is found in prokaryotic cells

Question 5

scanning electron microscope

Answer 5

looks at the external structures of the cell

Question 6

lysosomes

Answer 6

digestive centers of the cell; sacs of enzymes

Question 7

integrins

Answer 7

proteins that go all the way through the membrane; they communicate between the ECM and cytoskeleton

Question 8

cis

Answer 8

receiving side of the golgi apparatus

Question 9

chromosomes

Answer 9

the form that DNA is in right before cell division. These are found in the nucleus

Question 10

prokaryotic

Answer 10

the earliest and simplest type of cell; lacks membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

Question 11

ECM

Answer 11

the structure that is on the outside of animal cells; it helps with structure and is made up of mostly glycoproteins

Question 12

dyneins

Answer 12

motor molecules that help move the microtubules in cilia and flagella

Question 13

desmosomes

Answer 13

anchoring junctions; these structures hold animal cells together in strong sheets

Question 14

photosynthesis

Answer 14

process that turns light energy into chemical energy in autotrophs; it takes place in the chloroplasts

Question 15

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

this organelle makes membranes and also helps to move substances around the cell

Question 16

eukaryotic

Answer 16

more highly specialized cells; they have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; plant and animal cells are examples of this

Question 17

nucleolus

Answer 17

structure in the nucleus that produces rRNA (which eventually makes ribosomes)

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

power house of the cell; site of cellular respiration

Question 19

secondary cell wall

Answer 19

this is found under the primary cell wall to strengthen it; it is very strong, wood is an example

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

structural support in animals cells

Question 21

contractile vacuole

Answer 21

a structure in animal cells that gets rid of excess water to prevent cells from bursting in hypotonic solutions

Question 22

primary cell wall

Answer 22

the thin and flexible cell wall that is pliable until the plant stops growing. once the plant stops growing, it hardens

Question 23

cytoplasm

Answer 23

everything between the nucleus and the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells; made up of cytosol and organelles

Question 24

transmission electron microscope

Answer 24

looks at the internal structure of the cell

Question 25

chromatin

Answer 25

the form that DNA is in for most of the cell cycle, long thin strands

Question 26

trans

Answer 26

shipping side of the golgi apparatus

Question 27

peroxisomes

Answer 27

organelles that break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; this helps cells in the liver detoxify drugs and alcohol

Question 28

centrosomes

Answer 28

microtubules grow from here; they are found near the nucleus in animal cells

Question 29

plasmodesmata

Answer 29

channels through plant cells walls that allow substances to pass from one plant cell to another; similar to gap junctions in animals cells

Question 30

tonoplast

Answer 30

the membrane surrounding the large central vacuole in plant cells

Question 31

light microscope

Answer 31

uses light to pass through an object

Question 32

cell wall

Answer 32

the outer layer of plant cells; helps with structural support

Question 33

tight junctions

Answer 33

junctions in animal cells that fuse the cells together and helps prevent leakage of extracellular fluids

Question 34

central vacuole

Answer 34

the large structure in the middle of plant cells; used to store water, proteins, enzymes, waste, and other miscellaneous substances

Question 35

microtubules

Answer 35

a part of the cytoskeleton that is made from tubulin; cilia and flagella are made of this

Question 36

nuclear envelope

Answer 36

the double membrane around the nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Question 37

cell fractionation

Answer 37

this process uses a centrifuge to separate the parts of the cell so that the individual functions can be studied

Question 38

golgi apparatus

Answer 38

this organelle modifies, packages, and secretes materials from the cell

Question 39

cellulose

Answer 39

this is the primary component of plant cell walls

Question 40

gap junctions

Answer 40

these are channels in animal cells that allow substances to pass through one cell into the next

Question 41

intermediate filaments

Answer 41

these are a part of the animal cytoskeleton that are made from a family of proteins called keratins; they are more permanent than the other parts of the cytoskeleton

Question 42

electron microscopes

Answer 42

most powerful

Question 43

basal body

Answer 43

name for the part of the cell where cilia and flagella are anchored in

Question 44

chloroplasts

Answer 44

organelle found in autotrophs; location of photosynthesis