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Physical Science > Chapter 7 Review Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

the speed of a wave is directly proportional to what 2 quantities?

A

wavelength and frequency

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2
Q

imaginary line that is perpendicular to a reflecting surface and we measure all angles of incidence and reflection from this line

A

the normal line

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3
Q

when waves interfere,the resulting wave varies widely in amplitude to the listening ear and both frequencies are perceived to pulsate with each other. what is that pulsating of sound called?

A

a beat

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4
Q

equation for frequency

A

f = N/t

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5
Q

what is simply the length of a single wave

A

wavelength

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6
Q

when is diffraction most pronounced

A

when the opening is equal to one wavelength

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7
Q

if we are hearing a higher frequency than what is actually being played, is the object moving towards or farther away from me? why?

A

towards you b/c the sound waves are getting compressed so you hear a higher pitch

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8
Q

when an object is traveling a supersonic speeds, it produces a shock wave called a

A

sonic boom

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9
Q

if the object is moving away from me, how should I hear the sound?

A

a lower pitch

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10
Q

the frequency relationship between the fundamental and the overtones;

A

harmonic series

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11
Q

what is the substance which transfers a waves energy

A

medium

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12
Q

what is the effect of intensity on the way the human ear perceives it

A

loundess

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13
Q
A

reverbration

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14
Q

of the two main types of waves, which type oscillates the particles perpendicular to the direction of travel

A

transverse

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15
Q

2 main types of interference

A

constructive or destructive

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16
Q

which will sound travel the fastest and the slowest through? 50 C temps, 5 C temps, saltwater, and an iron block.

A

It will travel fastest through the sold (iron block) and the slowest through the cold air (5 C)

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17
Q

what is the number of waves that pass a given point in the unit of time

A

frequency

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18
Q

when the 2 frequencies are the same or nearly the same as an oscillator

A

resonance

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19
Q

perceived change in frequency that’s caused by an objects/sounds motion

A

doppler effect

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20
Q

time it takes for one wave to oscillate

A

period

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21
Q

the bouncing back of a wave at the boundary btwn 2 media

A

reflection

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22
Q

the waves that strike an obstacle

A

incident waves

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23
Q

distance between 2 crests r 2 troughs

A

wavelength

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24
Q

what do we call the complete negation of the energy of a wave

A

complete destructive interference

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25
Q

if I have 2 notes playing 445 hertz and 443 hertz, what is the beat frequency

A

the difference between the 2 frequencies, which would be 2 in this case

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26
Q

unit of frequency

A

hertz

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27
Q

smallest intensity the human ear can typically detect

A

the threshold of hearing

28
Q

anything above the audible range

A

ultrasonic

29
Q

what is the effect of frequency on the way the human ear perceives it

A

pitch

30
Q

refracted waves will always bend how?

A

toward the medium that slows them down

31
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the lowest frequency at which an object will vibrate

32
Q

the opposite of consonance

A

dissonance

33
Q

difference in pitch between a note and a second note that has x2 the frequency of the first

A

octave

34
Q

what is the periodic ossilation that rransmits energy

A

wave

35
Q

why is there no sound in space?

A

because space is a vacuum and there is no mediums

36
Q

what is my equation that determines the rating btwn wave velocity, frequency, and the wavelength

A

V = LANDA(f)

37
Q

series of organized sound waves with specific pitches that have been deliberately arranged

A

music

38
Q

what is the strength of a sound wave

A

intensity

39
Q

what the fundamental and overtones are called in a harmonic series when they are numbered from lowest to greatest pitch

A

harmonics

40
Q

what is noise?

A

random sounds without order or arrangement

41
Q

set of frequencies at which an object will vibrate

A

natural frequencies

42
Q

the range of 20 hertz to 20,000 hertz

A

audible range/audible sound

43
Q

what is the physical distance (the distance btwn 2 corresponding notes)

A

interval

44
Q

constructive and destructive interference btwn the fundamental and overtones give a musical instrument its what

A

timber

45
Q

law stating that the angle of incidence must equal the angle of reflection

A

law of reflection

46
Q

the two equations for period

A

T(period) = t/n and 1/f

47
Q

what is defined as vibrations traveling through the medium in the form of longitudinal pressure waves

A

sound

48
Q

process for dissipating the energy of sound waves

A

absorption

49
Q

the intensity of a sound wave is inversely proportional to what?

A

the square of the distance

50
Q

2 main components of a longitudinal wave

A

compression and rarefaction pulse

51
Q

what is simply the max distance that particles are displaced by a wave

A

amplitude

52
Q

study of sound

A

acoustics

53
Q

object that reverberates the sound waves produced by and instrument

A

resonator

54
Q

other sounds produced at higher frequencies than the fundamental

A

overtones

55
Q

when 2 notes interfere harmoniously

A

consoncance

56
Q

speeds that are faster and slower than the speed of sound

A

supersonic and subsonic

57
Q

how many decibels does the threshold of hearing corresponds to

A

0 decibels

58
Q

procedure for calculating distance measuring the time interval that elapses between sending a sound wave and its return

A

echo ranging

59
Q

cause of consonance and dissonance

A

interference

60
Q

if you are using a sonar device and something on the sonar takes 5 seconds for the sound to echo range, but another ping is sent out and it now takes 2 seconds, what can you infer about the objects distance?

A

it is getting closer because it takes less time for the ping to come back.

61
Q

high and low point of a transverse wave

A

crest and a trough

62
Q

sound heard distinctly after being reflected from an object

A

echo

63
Q

reinforcement or cancellation occurring when 2 or more waves meet

A

interference

64
Q

any sound occurring below the audible range

A

infrasonic

65
Q

what is the bending of a wave at the boundary of 2 media

A

refractin

66
Q

the consonance btwn 2 notes bears a simple relationship to the ratios of their what?

A

frequency

Physical Science (6 decks)

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