Chapter 7 Review Flashcards
the speed of a wave is directly proportional to what 2 quantities?
wavelength and frequency
imaginary line that is perpendicular to a reflecting surface and we measure all angles of incidence and reflection from this line
the normal line
when waves interfere,the resulting wave varies widely in amplitude to the listening ear and both frequencies are perceived to pulsate with each other. what is that pulsating of sound called?
a beat
equation for frequency
f = N/t
what is simply the length of a single wave
wavelength
when is diffraction most pronounced
when the opening is equal to one wavelength
if we are hearing a higher frequency than what is actually being played, is the object moving towards or farther away from me? why?
towards you b/c the sound waves are getting compressed so you hear a higher pitch
when an object is traveling a supersonic speeds, it produces a shock wave called a
sonic boom
if the object is moving away from me, how should I hear the sound?
a lower pitch
the frequency relationship between the fundamental and the overtones;
harmonic series
what is the substance which transfers a waves energy
medium
what is the effect of intensity on the way the human ear perceives it
loundess
reverbration
of the two main types of waves, which type oscillates the particles perpendicular to the direction of travel
transverse
2 main types of interference
constructive or destructive
which will sound travel the fastest and the slowest through? 50 C temps, 5 C temps, saltwater, and an iron block.
It will travel fastest through the sold (iron block) and the slowest through the cold air (5 C)
what is the number of waves that pass a given point in the unit of time
frequency
when the 2 frequencies are the same or nearly the same as an oscillator
resonance
perceived change in frequency that’s caused by an objects/sounds motion
doppler effect
time it takes for one wave to oscillate
period
the bouncing back of a wave at the boundary btwn 2 media
reflection
the waves that strike an obstacle
incident waves
distance between 2 crests r 2 troughs
wavelength
what do we call the complete negation of the energy of a wave
complete destructive interference
if I have 2 notes playing 445 hertz and 443 hertz, what is the beat frequency
the difference between the 2 frequencies, which would be 2 in this case
unit of frequency
hertz
smallest intensity the human ear can typically detect
the threshold of hearing
anything above the audible range
ultrasonic
what is the effect of frequency on the way the human ear perceives it
pitch
refracted waves will always bend how?
toward the medium that slows them down
fundamental frequency
the lowest frequency at which an object will vibrate
the opposite of consonance
dissonance
difference in pitch between a note and a second note that has x2 the frequency of the first
octave
what is the periodic ossilation that rransmits energy
wave
why is there no sound in space?
because space is a vacuum and there is no mediums
what is my equation that determines the rating btwn wave velocity, frequency, and the wavelength
V = LANDA(f)
series of organized sound waves with specific pitches that have been deliberately arranged
music
what is the strength of a sound wave
intensity
what the fundamental and overtones are called in a harmonic series when they are numbered from lowest to greatest pitch
harmonics
what is noise?
random sounds without order or arrangement
set of frequencies at which an object will vibrate
natural frequencies
the range of 20 hertz to 20,000 hertz
audible range/audible sound
what is the physical distance (the distance btwn 2 corresponding notes)
interval
constructive and destructive interference btwn the fundamental and overtones give a musical instrument its what
timber
law stating that the angle of incidence must equal the angle of reflection
law of reflection
the two equations for period
T(period) = t/n and 1/f
what is defined as vibrations traveling through the medium in the form of longitudinal pressure waves
sound
process for dissipating the energy of sound waves
absorption
the intensity of a sound wave is inversely proportional to what?
the square of the distance
2 main components of a longitudinal wave
compression and rarefaction pulse
what is simply the max distance that particles are displaced by a wave
amplitude
study of sound
acoustics
object that reverberates the sound waves produced by and instrument
resonator
other sounds produced at higher frequencies than the fundamental
overtones
when 2 notes interfere harmoniously
consoncance
speeds that are faster and slower than the speed of sound
supersonic and subsonic
how many decibels does the threshold of hearing corresponds to
0 decibels
procedure for calculating distance measuring the time interval that elapses between sending a sound wave and its return
echo ranging
cause of consonance and dissonance
interference
if you are using a sonar device and something on the sonar takes 5 seconds for the sound to echo range, but another ping is sent out and it now takes 2 seconds, what can you infer about the objects distance?
it is getting closer because it takes less time for the ping to come back.
high and low point of a transverse wave
crest and a trough
sound heard distinctly after being reflected from an object
echo
reinforcement or cancellation occurring when 2 or more waves meet
interference
any sound occurring below the audible range
infrasonic
what is the bending of a wave at the boundary of 2 media
refractin
the consonance btwn 2 notes bears a simple relationship to the ratios of their what?
frequency
