Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

the study of matter and movement of God’s physical creation

Answer 1

science

Question 2

tentative explanation

Answer 2

hypothesis

Question 3

can be proven false

Answer 3

falsifiable

Question 4

the groups in an experiment on which the test is performed

Answer 4

experimental group

Question 5

a group in which the independent variable is absent; used when an independent variable can be entirely removed

Answer 5

control group

Question 6

if a theory is verified by enough observations and experiments and stands the test of time

Answer 6

scientific law

Question 7

when a hypothesis passes the test of many experiments and has the support of other scientists

Answer 7

theory

Question 8

the study of reasoning

Answer 8

logic

Question 9

a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

Answer 9

infernece

Question 10

a statement of fact in deductive reasoning

Answer 10

proposition

Question 11

a special type of proposition using an if/then statement

Answer 11

hypothetical proposition

Question 12

the conclusion in the hypothetical proposition; the ‘then’ part

Answer 12

consequent

Question 12

a condition in the hypothetical proposition; the ‘if’ part

Answer 12

antecedent

Question 13

the form of inference where if A, then B. A is true. Therefore, B is also true

Answer 13

affirming the antecedent

Question 14

the form of inference where if A, then B. B is not true. Therefore, A is also not true

Answer 14

denying the consequent

Question 15

what an argument is considered to be if the inference logically follows from the premises

Answer 15

valid

Question 16

reasoning error

Answer 16

fallacy

Question 17

a fallacy occurring when someone attacks the person making the arguments instead of challenging their facts, premises, or reasoning

Answer 17

ad hominem fallacy

Question 18

a fallacy in which an argument in based on the support of someone considered an authority rather than being based on sound facts/reasoning

Answer 18

argument from authority

Question 19

the minimum characteristics a design must have to function

Answer 19

criterion

Question 20

any other characteristics required to solve the problem

Answer 20

constraint

Question 21

anything that provides a partial representation of something else

Answer 21

model

Question 22

the study of nonliving creation other than the earth and space

Answer 22

physical Sc

Question 23

the substance of the physical world; anything that has intertia

Answer 23

matter

Question 24

the ability to do work

Answer 24

energy

Question 25

the amount of space matter takes up

Answer 25

volume

Question 26

the mass in a certain volume

Answer 26

density

Question 27

the hotness or coldness of an object

Answer 27

temperature

Question 28

the propositions on which the conclusion is based

Answer 28

premises

Question 29

three main steps of the SC method

Answer 29

observating, hypothesizing, expirimenting

Question 30

four limitations of sc

Answer 30

1.scope is limited to the study of created matter and energy in the present 2.relies on assumptions 3.human nature often leads us to see what we wants, not what is actually true (bias) 4.can only provide approximate descriptions of how the world works

Question 31

two main branches of logic

Answer 31

inductive and deductive reasoning

Question 32

fallacy of inductive reasoning in which one phenomenon is inferred to be a cause of another just because of the order in which they occured

Answer 32

post hoc fallacy

Question 33

the fallacy in which a term is misleadingly used with two different meanings in a singular argument

Answer 33

equivocation

Question 34

development of tech

Answer 34

engineering

Question 34

the use of SC to solve practical problems

Answer 34

technology

Question 35

three main components of the engineering design process

Answer 35

define problem, design solution, evaluate solution

Question 36

giving up a design characteristic that is less important for one that is more important

Answer 36

tradeoff

Question 37

type of model consisting of a description of an object or phenomenon in words

Answer 37

verbal model

Question 38

two Broad types of changes matter can undergo

Answer 38

physical and chemical

Question 39

SC term for push or pull

Answer 39

force

Question 40

the three common states of matter

Answer 40

solid, liquid, gas

Question 41

the ability for a single scientist to redo the experiment several times and produce essentially the same results

Answer 41

repeatability

Question 42

the ability for many scientists to do the same experiment and get essentially the same results

Answer 42

reproducability

Question 43

why should an experiment either have groups as large as possible OR have as many trials as possible?

Answer 43

when groups as bigger, the mean of many measurements gives a more accurate result than smaller groups

Question 44

two main reasons Christians should study SC

Answer 44

1. a proper study glorifies God (Psalm 8) 2. To use SC knowledge for mans benefit (Gen 1:28)

Question 44

why is the principle of causality essential for SC study?

Answer 44

by discovering what causes and what effects(the principle of causality) scientists can understand how the universe works

Question 45

what fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on the fact that the consequent of a hypothetical proposition is true

Answer 45

affirming the consequent

Question 45

how can bias affect the interpretation of data?

Answer 45

a biased scientist will find 'evidence' where no evidence actually exists because he wants -------- to be true and will deny the real facts just so his bias will be true

Question 45

method of difference VS the method of concomitant variation

Answer 45

In the method of difference, two situations are the same except for one factor that is present in one situation but not in the other. If an effect occurs in the situation where that factor is present, it is at least partially responsible. In the method of concomitant variation, there are also two same situations except for one factor. However, the method of CV varies one factor to change a second factor in a predictable way. Also, the method of Cv does not allow is to know which factor is the cause and which is the effect, and it requires that all other factors be the same.

Question 46

why is building a prototype a required part of the engineering design process?

Answer 46

It is essential because it will show you if your design can meet the criteria and constraints or if it fails to

Question 47

what is the main difference between physical and chemical properties?

Answer 47

physical properties - changing them does not change matters substance chemical properties- properties of a substance describing how it changes when reacting with other substances

Question 48

mass VS weight

Answer 48

mass is the amount of matter in an object, or the amount of intertia an object has. weight is the amount of gravitational pull on an object. For example, your weight changes on the moon but not your mass.

Question 49

List and define the two main branches of physical Sc

Answer 49

1. Physics- the study of interactions btwn matter and energy 2. Chemistry - the study of the composition and interactions of matter

Question 50

the property of matter that makes it resist changes in motion

Answer 50

intertia

Question 51

independent Vs dependent variables

Answer 51

dependent variable is a factor that is used to determine the results of an experiment and comes from the question a scientist is trying to solve while the independent variable is a factor that is changed to test the hypothesis and comes from the hypothesis itself

Question 52

the orderly process by which scientists investigate the secrets of nature

Answer 52

the scientific method