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Physical Science > Chapter 1 Review Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of matter and movement of God’s physical creation

A

science

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2
Q

tentative explanation

A

hypothesis

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3
Q

can be proven false

A

falsifiable

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4
Q

the groups in an experiment on which the test is performed

A

experimental group

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5
Q

a group in which the independent variable is absent; used when an independent variable can be entirely removed

A

control group

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6
Q

if a theory is verified by enough observations and experiments and stands the test of time

A

scientific law

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7
Q

when a hypothesis passes the test of many experiments and has the support of other scientists

A

theory

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8
Q

the study of reasoning

A

logic

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9
Q

a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

A

infernece

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10
Q

a statement of fact in deductive reasoning

A

proposition

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11
Q

a special type of proposition using an if/then statement

A

hypothetical proposition

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12
Q

the conclusion in the hypothetical proposition; the ‘then’ part

A

consequent

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12
Q

a condition in the hypothetical proposition; the ‘if’ part

A

antecedent

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13
Q

the form of inference where if A, then B. A is true. Therefore, B is also true

A

affirming the antecedent

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14
Q

the form of inference where if A, then B. B is not true. Therefore, A is also not true

A

denying the consequent

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15
Q

what an argument is considered to be if the inference logically follows from the premises

A

valid

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16
Q

reasoning error

A

fallacy

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17
Q

a fallacy occurring when someone attacks the person making the arguments instead of challenging their facts, premises, or reasoning

A

ad hominem fallacy

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18
Q

a fallacy in which an argument in based on the support of someone considered an authority rather than being based on sound facts/reasoning

A

argument from authority

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19
Q

the minimum characteristics a design must have to function

A

criterion

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20
Q

any other characteristics required to solve the problem

A

constraint

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21
Q

anything that provides a partial representation of something else

A

model

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22
Q

the study of nonliving creation other than the earth and space

A

physical Sc

23
Q

the substance of the physical world; anything that has intertia

A

matter

24
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

25
Q

the amount of space matter takes up

A

volume

26
Q

the mass in a certain volume

A

density

27
Q

the hotness or coldness of an object

A

temperature

28
Q

the propositions on which the conclusion is based

A

premises

29
Q

three main steps of the SC method

A

observating, hypothesizing, expirimenting

30
Q

four limitations of sc

A

1.scope is limited to the study of created matter and energy in the present

2.relies on assumptions

3.human nature often leads us to see what we wants, not what is actually true (bias)

4.can only provide approximate descriptions of how the world works

31
Q

two main branches of logic

A

inductive and deductive reasoning

32
Q

fallacy of inductive reasoning in which one phenomenon is inferred to be a cause of another just because of the order in which they occured

A

post hoc fallacy

33
Q

the fallacy in which a term is misleadingly used with two different meanings in a singular argument

A

equivocation

34
Q

development of tech

A

engineering

34
Q

the use of SC to solve practical problems

A

technology

35
Q

three main components of the engineering design process

A

define problem, design solution, evaluate solution

36
Q

giving up a design characteristic that is less important for one that is more important

A

tradeoff

37
Q

type of model consisting of a description of an object or phenomenon in words

A

verbal model

38
Q

two Broad types of changes matter can undergo

A

physical and chemical

39
Q

SC term for push or pull

A

force

40
Q

the three common states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

41
Q

the ability for a single scientist to redo the experiment several times and produce essentially the same results

A

repeatability

42
Q

the ability for many scientists to do the same experiment and get essentially the same results

A

reproducability

43
Q

why should an experiment either have groups as large as possible OR have as many trials as possible?

A

when groups as bigger, the mean of many measurements gives a more accurate result than smaller groups

44
Q

two main reasons Christians should study SC

A
  1. a proper study glorifies God (Psalm 8)
  2. To use SC knowledge for mans benefit (Gen 1:28)
44
Q

why is the principle of causality essential for SC study?

A

by discovering what causes and what effects(the principle of causality) scientists can understand how the universe works

45
Q

what fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on the fact that the consequent of a hypothetical proposition is true

A

affirming the consequent

45
Q

how can bias affect the interpretation of data?

A

a biased scientist will find ‘evidence’ where no evidence actually exists because he wants ——– to be true and will deny the real facts just so his bias will be true

45
Q

method of difference VS the method of concomitant variation

A

In the method of difference, two situations are the same except for one factor that is present in one situation but not in the other. If an effect occurs in the situation where that factor is present, it is at least partially responsible.
In the method of concomitant variation, there are also two same situations except for one factor. However, the method of CV varies one factor to change a second factor in a predictable way. Also, the method of Cv does not allow is to know which factor is the cause and which is the effect, and it requires that all other factors be the same.

46
Q

why is building a prototype a required part of the engineering design process?

A

It is essential because it will show you if your design can meet the criteria and constraints or if it fails to

47
Q

what is the main difference between physical and chemical properties?

A

physical properties - changing them does not change matters substance
chemical properties- properties of a substance describing how it changes when reacting with other substances

48
Q

mass VS weight

A

mass is the amount of matter in an object, or the amount of intertia an object has. weight is the amount of gravitational pull on an object.
For example, your weight changes on the moon but not your mass.

49
Q

List and define the two main branches of physical Sc

A
  1. Physics- the study of interactions btwn matter and energy
  2. Chemistry - the study of the composition and interactions of matter
50
Q

the property of matter that makes it resist changes in motion

A

intertia

51
Q

independent Vs dependent variables

A

dependent variable is a factor that is used to determine the results of an experiment and comes from the question a scientist is trying to solve while the independent variable is a factor that is changed to test the hypothesis and comes from the hypothesis itself

52
Q

the orderly process by which scientists investigate the secrets of nature

A

the scientific method

Physical Science (5 decks)

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