Chapter 3 Review Flashcards
who was the philosopher/naturalist whose ideas and teachings dominated science for thousands of years
Aristotle
what were some of newtons contributions to science
three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation
which branches developed before the 1900s that included mechanics, thermodynamics, optics, acoustics, and electromagnetism
classical physics
what is quantity that only has size or magnitude
scalar
what type of quantity has magnitude and direction
vector
what is a vector representing an objects change in position
displacement
the equation for Pythagorean’s theorem
c2 = a2 + b2
what Greek letter is used to represent a change in (final minus initial)
delta
what is the answer to vector addition that shows vector’s combined effects of each other
resultant
the study of motion and forces
dynamics
what is the branch of physics that addresses the effects of force on matter
mechanics
what is the measure of how quickly an object moves / or the distance traveled by an object per unit for time
speed
the equation for velocity
V = delta x/t
what is any change in velocity
acceleration
what would be any variation in an objects change in position in time
acceleration
what is a space that is relative to which motion in measured
frame of reference
which law of motion states that the velocity of an object doesn’t change unless acted upon by an external force
first law
which law of motion is related with the equation f = ma
second law
which law of motion is often referred to as the law of inertia
first law
what is the SI unit of force
newton
which law of motion states that for every act of motion there is an equal reaction
third law
what is the resultant of adding individual forces on an object through vector addition (this represents the combined effects of individual forces)
net force
what is a diagram representing the object and the forces acting up on it
free body diagram
which law states that any two objects with a mass attract each other through a gravitational force
universal law of gravitation
what is the max velocity that an object can fall through space
terminal velocity
what type of friction occurs when we have sliding objects already in motion
kinetic
force that causes the object to travel in a curved path rather than a straight line
centripetal force
what is an object that hangs from a fixed point and swings back and forth due to gravity
pendulum
the type of friction holding stationary objects in place
static
what is the transfer of energy from one object to another by force
work
SI unit of work
Joule (J)
what is the rate of doing work
power
what is the SI unit of power
watt
what is a quantity of motion (p= mv)
momentum
what is a device that is used for doing work
machine
name 3 things that a simple machine can do
multiply the input to give a larger output, multiply the distance, and it can change the direction of the force
what is the measure of how much a machine helps
mechanical advantage
what is the measure of how well a machine converts input work into output work
efficiency
name the 6 simple machines
lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined place, wedge, screw
3 classifications of levers
class 1 - fulcrum in the middle (seesaw)
class 2- output in the middle (wheelbarrow)
class 3- input in the middle (fly swatter)
3 parts of a lever
fulcrum, output, input
what is a simple machine that is similar to a circular lever
wheel and axle
what is a simple machine consisting of a wheel over which ropes and cables are passed
pulley
what is a combo of one or more fixed and movable pulleys combined together
block and tackle
which of the simple machines is considered to be a sloping surface that lets an object be raised without lifting it
inclined plane
what is a special form of inclined plane that modifies the applied force and directs it to the side
wedge
thinking of a screw, what is the output distance of a screw called?
pitch
of AMA or IMA, which one of those terms describes how a machine functions in a perfect environment?
IMA
how did force relate to acceleration?
bigger force = bigger acceleration
(direct relationship)
how did acceleration relate to mass?
less mass = more acceleration
(inverse relationship)
how is it possible for a car traveling 30mph to suddenly speed up to 50mph using Newton’s laws?
law 1- outside force is the driver pushing the pedal so the engine applies more force
law 2- (f=ma) ; more mass means more force to accelerate
law 3- the car pushes down on the road, so the road pushes up on the car
speed equation
v = d/t
velocity equation
v-> = delta x ->/ t
force equation
f-> = ma->
acceleration equation
a-> = delat v->/ t
acceleration for gravity equation
d =1/2gt2
