Chapter 3 Review

Question 1

who was the philosopher/naturalist whose ideas and teachings dominated science for thousands of years

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

what were some of newtons contributions to science

Answer 2

three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation

Question 3

which branches developed before the 1900s that included mechanics, thermodynamics, optics, acoustics, and electromagnetism

Answer 3

classical physics

Question 4

what is quantity that only has size or magnitude

Answer 4

scalar

Question 5

what type of quantity has magnitude and direction

Answer 5

vector

Question 6

what is a vector representing an objects change in position

Answer 6

displacement

Question 7

the equation for Pythagorean’s theorem

Answer 7

c2 = a2 + b2

Question 7

what Greek letter is used to represent a change in (final minus initial)

Answer 7

delta

Question 8

what is the answer to vector addition that shows vector’s combined effects of each other

Answer 8

resultant

Question 9

the study of motion and forces

Answer 9

dynamics

Question 10

what is the branch of physics that addresses the effects of force on matter

Answer 10

mechanics

Question 11

what is the measure of how quickly an object moves / or the distance traveled by an object per unit for time

Answer 11

speed

Question 12

the equation for velocity

Answer 12

V = delta x/t

Question 13

what is any change in velocity

Answer 13

acceleration

Question 14

what would be any variation in an objects change in position in time

Answer 14

acceleration

Question 15

what is a space that is relative to which motion in measured

Answer 15

frame of reference

Question 16

which law of motion states that the velocity of an object doesn’t change unless acted upon by an external force

Answer 16

first law

Question 17

which law of motion is related with the equation f = ma

Answer 17

second law

Question 17

which law of motion is often referred to as the law of inertia

Answer 17

first law

Question 18

what is the SI unit of force

Answer 18

newton

Question 19

which law of motion states that for every act of motion there is an equal reaction

Answer 19

third law

Question 20

what is the resultant of adding individual forces on an object through vector addition (this represents the combined effects of individual forces)

Answer 20

net force

Question 21

what is a diagram representing the object and the forces acting up on it

Answer 21

free body diagram

Question 22

which law states that any two objects with a mass attract each other through a gravitational force

Answer 22

universal law of gravitation

Question 23

what is the max velocity that an object can fall through space

Answer 23

terminal velocity

Question 24

what type of friction occurs when we have sliding objects already in motion

Answer 24

kinetic

Question 24

force that causes the object to travel in a curved path rather than a straight line

Answer 24

centripetal force

Question 25

what is an object that hangs from a fixed point and swings back and forth due to gravity

Answer 25

pendulum

Question 26

the type of friction holding stationary objects in place

Answer 26

static

Question 27

what is the transfer of energy from one object to another by force

Answer 27

work

Question 28

SI unit of work

Answer 28

Joule (J)

Question 29

what is the rate of doing work

Answer 29

power

Question 30

what is the SI unit of power

Answer 30

watt

Question 31

what is a quantity of motion (p= mv)

Answer 31

momentum

Question 32

what is a device that is used for doing work

Answer 32

machine

Question 33

name 3 things that a simple machine can do

Answer 33

multiply the input to give a larger output, multiply the distance, and it can change the direction of the force

Question 34

what is the measure of how much a machine helps

Answer 34

mechanical advantage

Question 35

what is the measure of how well a machine converts input work into output work

Answer 35

efficiency

Question 36

name the 6 simple machines

Answer 36

lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined place, wedge, screw

Question 37

3 classifications of levers

Answer 37

class 1 - fulcrum in the middle (seesaw)
class 2- output in the middle (wheelbarrow)
class 3- input in the middle (fly swatter)

Question 38

3 parts of a lever

Answer 38

fulcrum, output, input

Question 39

what is a simple machine that is similar to a circular lever

Answer 39

wheel and axle

Question 40

what is a simple machine consisting of a wheel over which ropes and cables are passed

Answer 40

pulley

Question 41

what is a combo of one or more fixed and movable pulleys combined together

Answer 41

block and tackle

Question 42

which of the simple machines is considered to be a sloping surface that lets an object be raised without lifting it

Answer 42

inclined plane

Question 43

what is a special form of inclined plane that modifies the applied force and directs it to the side

Answer 43

wedge

Question 44

thinking of a screw, what is the output distance of a screw called?

Answer 44

pitch

Question 45

of AMA or IMA, which one of those terms describes how a machine functions in a perfect environment?

Answer 45

IMA

Question 46

how did force relate to acceleration?

Answer 46

bigger force = bigger acceleration
(direct relationship)

Question 47

how did acceleration relate to mass?

Answer 47

less mass = more acceleration
(inverse relationship)

Question 48

how is it possible for a car traveling 30mph to suddenly speed up to 50mph using Newton’s laws?

Answer 48

law 1- outside force is the driver pushing the pedal so the engine applies more force
law 2- (f=ma) ; more mass means more force to accelerate
law 3- the car pushes down on the road, so the road pushes up on the car

Question 49

speed equation

Answer 49

v = d/t

Question 50

velocity equation

Answer 50

v-> = delta x ->/ t

Question 51

force equation

Answer 51

f-> = ma->

Question 51

acceleration equation

Answer 51

a-> = delat v->/ t

Question 51

acceleration for gravity equation

Answer 51

d =1/2gt2