Chapter 2 Review

Question 1

a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal

Answer 1

equation

Question 2

figures that represent the uncertainty of the measurement recorded

Answer 2

significant digits

Question 3

when a very large or small number is written in this form: #.# x 10(place exponent here)

Answer 3

scientific notation

Question 4

a collection of compatible related units that can be used to measure length, mass, weight, or volume

Answer 4

system of measurement

Question 5

prefix in the metric system meaning one millionth

Answer 5

micro-

Question 6

one of the earliest units of measurement that was based on the length of a persons arm from their elbow to the tips of their middle finger

Answer 6

cubit

Question 7

a specific measure to which other measures are compared to ensure uniformity

Answer 7

standard of measure

Question 8

prefix in the metric system meaning 1000

Answer 8

kilo-

Question 9

the coldest possible temp; represented on the K scale

Answer 9

absolute zero

Question 10

the technique of converting units in which a conversion factor is used

Answer 10

dimensional analysis

Question 11

the ratio if the density of a substance to the density of a standard

Answer 11

specific gravity

Question 12

language of science

Answer 12

mathematics

Question 13

system of measurement developed in France in the early 1790s

Answer 13

metric system

Question 14

system of measurement commonly used in the US today

Answer 14

F.P.S (foot, pound, second) system

Question 15

system of measurement that has been universally accepted as the standard for scientific and technical purposes

Answer 15

SI system

Question 16

the standard Si units of length, volume, mass, and time

Answer 16

meter, liter, kilogram, second

Question 17

temp scale used in most nations

Answer 17

degrees celcius

Question 18

freezing and boiling points of water on the Kelvin scale

Answer 18

freezing - 273.15 K
boiling- 373.15 K

Question 19

accuracy vs precision

Answer 19

accuracy - closeness of a measurement to the quantity’s actual value ( hitting the bullseye on a target is good accuracy)
precision - how closely several measurements match each other (putting several arrows in the same spot on a target is good precision)

Question 20

why do scientists use SC notation?

Answer 20

It makes it easier to deal with/calculate really large and really small numbers

Question 21

why is it important for scientists to use standardized units

Answer 21

So everyone can be on the same page when examining/ reproducing experiments

Question 22

how many cm are in a m?

Answer 22

100

Question 23

how many grams in a megagram?

Answer 23

one million

Question 24

what advantage does the Kelvin scale have over the c and f scales for scientific work?

Answer 24

No negative numbers

Question 25

three ways the volume of a solid can be measured (with brief explanations)

Answer 25

1. Geometric formulas (used to find V of simple shapes) 2. Fluid displacement (used to find the V of an irregularly shaped solid) 3. Direct Volume Measurement (used for solids that are in small pieces that ft together almost perfectly, like grains of sand or sugar)

Question 26

why can density be used to identify substances

Answer 26

because each substance has a characteristic density

Question 27

equation for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 27

F=9/5(C+ 40) -40

Question 28

does the value of the specific gravity depend on the system of units used? Explain why.

Answer 28

no, because specific gravity is a number with NO UNITS, therefore, its value does not depend on the system of units used

Question 29

equation for converting Fahrenheit to Celcius

Answer 29

C=5/9(F +40) -40

Question 30

equation for converting Celcius to Kelvin

Answer 30

K=C+273.15

Question 31

equation used to figure out the volume of an object when using fluid displacement

Answer 31

V(object) = V(final) - V(initial) *V stands for volume*

Question 31

how would you convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin?

Answer 31

convert F to Celcius, then convert Celcius to Kelvin

Question 32

proportions

Answer 32

equations of equivalent ratios

Question 33

equation used to find density

Answer 33

p = m/v (p - density, m-mass, v- volume)

Question 34

when multiplying one value by a number requires dividing the other value by the same number

Answer 34

inversely proportional

Question 34

when two values are related in such a way that multiplying one by a number requires the other value to be multiplied by the same number

Answer 34

directly proportional

Question 35

amount of 3d space matter takes up

Answer 35

volume

Question 36

1/100

Answer 36

centi

Question 36

mass in a certain volume

Answer 36

density

Question 37

1/1000

Answer 37

milli

Question 38

1000

Answer 38

kilo

Question 39

one million

Answer 39

mega

Question 40

one billionth

Answer 40

nano