Chapter 2 Review Flashcards
a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
equation
figures that represent the uncertainty of the measurement recorded
significant digits
when a very large or small number is written in this form: #.# x 10(place exponent here)
scientific notation
a collection of compatible related units that can be used to measure length, mass, weight, or volume
system of measurement
prefix in the metric system meaning one millionth
micro-
one of the earliest units of measurement that was based on the length of a persons arm from their elbow to the tips of their middle finger
cubit
a specific measure to which other measures are compared to ensure uniformity
standard of measure
prefix in the metric system meaning 1000
kilo-
the coldest possible temp; represented on the K scale
absolute zero
the technique of converting units in which a conversion factor is used
dimensional analysis
the ratio if the density of a substance to the density of a standard
specific gravity
language of science
mathematics
system of measurement developed in France in the early 1790s
metric system
system of measurement commonly used in the US today
F.P.S (foot, pound, second) system
system of measurement that has been universally accepted as the standard for scientific and technical purposes
SI system
the standard Si units of length, volume, mass, and time
meter, liter, kilogram, second
temp scale used in most nations
degrees celcius
freezing and boiling points of water on the Kelvin scale
freezing - 273.15 K
boiling- 373.15 K
accuracy vs precision
accuracy - closeness of a measurement to the quantity’s actual value ( hitting the bullseye on a target is good accuracy)
precision - how closely several measurements match each other (putting several arrows in the same spot on a target is good precision)
why do scientists use SC notation?
It makes it easier to deal with/calculate really large and really small numbers
why is it important for scientists to use standardized units
So everyone can be on the same page when examining/ reproducing experiments
how many cm are in a m?
100
how many grams in a megagram?
one million
what advantage does the Kelvin scale have over the c and f scales for scientific work?
No negative numbers
three ways the volume of a solid can be measured (with brief explanations)
- Geometric formulas
(used to find V of simple shapes) - Fluid displacement
(used to find the V of an irregularly shaped solid) - Direct Volume Measurement
(used for solids that are in small pieces that ft together almost perfectly, like grains of sand or sugar)
why can density be used to identify substances
because each substance has a characteristic density
equation for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit
F=9/5(C+ 40) -40
does the value of the specific gravity depend on the system of units used? Explain why.
no, because specific gravity is a number with NO UNITS, therefore, its value does not depend on the system of units used
equation for converting Fahrenheit to Celcius
C=5/9(F +40) -40
equation for converting Celcius to Kelvin
K=C+273.15
equation used to figure out the volume of an object when using fluid displacement
V(object) = V(final) - V(initial)
V stands for volume
how would you convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin?
convert F to Celcius, then convert Celcius to Kelvin
proportions
equations of equivalent ratios
equation used to find density
p = m/v
(p - density, m-mass, v- volume)
when multiplying one value by a number requires dividing the other value by the same number
inversely proportional
when two values are related in such a way that multiplying one by a number requires the other value to be multiplied by the same number
directly proportional
amount of 3d space matter takes up
volume
1/100
centi
mass in a certain volume
density
1/1000
milli
1000
kilo
one million
mega
one billionth
nano
