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Physical Science > Chapter 2 Review Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal

A

equation

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2
Q

figures that represent the uncertainty of the measurement recorded

A

significant digits

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3
Q

when a very large or small number is written in this form: #.# x 10(place exponent here)

A

scientific notation

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4
Q

a collection of compatible related units that can be used to measure length, mass, weight, or volume

A

system of measurement

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5
Q

prefix in the metric system meaning one millionth

A

micro-

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6
Q

one of the earliest units of measurement that was based on the length of a persons arm from their elbow to the tips of their middle finger

A

cubit

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7
Q

a specific measure to which other measures are compared to ensure uniformity

A

standard of measure

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8
Q

prefix in the metric system meaning 1000

A

kilo-

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9
Q

the coldest possible temp; represented on the K scale

A

absolute zero

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10
Q

the technique of converting units in which a conversion factor is used

A

dimensional analysis

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11
Q

the ratio if the density of a substance to the density of a standard

A

specific gravity

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12
Q

language of science

A

mathematics

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13
Q

system of measurement developed in France in the early 1790s

A

metric system

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14
Q

system of measurement commonly used in the US today

A

F.P.S (foot, pound, second) system

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15
Q

system of measurement that has been universally accepted as the standard for scientific and technical purposes

A

SI system

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16
Q

the standard Si units of length, volume, mass, and time

A

meter, liter, kilogram, second

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17
Q

temp scale used in most nations

A

degrees celcius

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18
Q

freezing and boiling points of water on the Kelvin scale

A

freezing - 273.15 K
boiling- 373.15 K

19
Q

accuracy vs precision

A

accuracy - closeness of a measurement to the quantity’s actual value ( hitting the bullseye on a target is good accuracy)
precision - how closely several measurements match each other (putting several arrows in the same spot on a target is good precision)

20
Q

why do scientists use SC notation?

A

It makes it easier to deal with/calculate really large and really small numbers

21
Q

why is it important for scientists to use standardized units

A

So everyone can be on the same page when examining/ reproducing experiments

22
Q

how many cm are in a m?

A

100

23
Q

how many grams in a megagram?

A

one million

24
Q

what advantage does the Kelvin scale have over the c and f scales for scientific work?

A

No negative numbers

25
Q

three ways the volume of a solid can be measured (with brief explanations)

A
  1. Geometric formulas
    (used to find V of simple shapes)
  2. Fluid displacement
    (used to find the V of an irregularly shaped solid)
  3. Direct Volume Measurement
    (used for solids that are in small pieces that ft together almost perfectly, like grains of sand or sugar)
26
Q

why can density be used to identify substances

A

because each substance has a characteristic density

27
Q

equation for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

F=9/5(C+ 40) -40

28
Q

does the value of the specific gravity depend on the system of units used? Explain why.

A

no, because specific gravity is a number with NO UNITS, therefore, its value does not depend on the system of units used

29
Q

equation for converting Fahrenheit to Celcius

A

C=5/9(F +40) -40

30
Q

equation for converting Celcius to Kelvin

A

K=C+273.15

31
Q

equation used to figure out the volume of an object when using fluid displacement

A

V(object) = V(final) - V(initial)

V stands for volume

31
Q

how would you convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin?

A

convert F to Celcius, then convert Celcius to Kelvin

32
Q

proportions

A

equations of equivalent ratios

33
Q

equation used to find density

A

p = m/v

(p - density, m-mass, v- volume)

34
Q

when multiplying one value by a number requires dividing the other value by the same number

A

inversely proportional

34
Q

when two values are related in such a way that multiplying one by a number requires the other value to be multiplied by the same number

A

directly proportional

35
Q

amount of 3d space matter takes up

A

volume

36
Q

1/100

A

centi

36
Q

mass in a certain volume

A

density

37
Q

1/1000

A

milli

38
Q

1000

A

kilo

39
Q

one million

A

mega

40
Q

one billionth

A

nano

Physical Science (5 decks)

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