Chapter 5+6 Review Flashcards
what is the ability or the capacity to do work
energy
what is the si unit of work or energy
joule
what is energy of motion
kinetic energy
what is the energy associated with the position of the object or forces acting on it
potential energy
Einstein showed that a certain amount of energy could be equated to a certain amount of mass. What was this known as
the mass-energy equivalent
einstein’s famous equation that helped him prove the mass-energy equivalent theory
e = m(c)2
which law states that matter and energy are conserved
the law of conservation of matter and energy
the kinetic energy of an entire system
whole body kinetic energy
what is the type of kinetic energy that results from moving an object from one position to another
translational kinetic energy
what is the equation for kinetic energy
Ek = 1/2m(v)2
is kinetic energy more strongly effected by mass or speed?why?
Speed because speed is squared. Therefore, the faster something is moving the more energy it will have
if I double the mass, what happens to the kinetic energy?
it is x2 greater
if I double the velocity, what happens to the kinetic energy
it will square the kinetic energy (x4)
what type of energy occurs when an object is spinning about an internal axis
rotational energy
name the aspects that will change rotational kinetic energy
shape, mass, speed, size
what is an attractive force between all material objects
gravitational force
equation for gravitational forces
Ep = mgh
of the four fundamental forces of nature, which is the weakest
gravitational force
if I raise something up off the ground, what will happen to the gravitational potential energy
it will be raised
(just like the mass)
which fundamental force of nature is responsible for all other known forces of the universe except for the gravitational and subatomic
electromagnetic force
which specific force or energy is caused dues to restorative forces in a stretched or compressed object
elastic potential
what type of potential energy is caused between two magnetic materials
magnetic potential energy
of the four fundamental forces of nature which is the strongest
strong nuclear force
what is the internal energy that an object has because of random motion of its individual molecules
thermal energy
an objects thermal energy is closely related to its what?
temperature
how does mass affect thermal energy?
direct relationship
more mass = more thermal energy
what is heat
the transfer of thermal energy
what is the point at which there is no longer the transfer of heat btwn 2 objects
thermal equilibrium
what is the amount for what needed to change an objects temperature by a certain amount
heat capacity
what is the equation for heat capacity
C = Q/delta T
what is defined as the ration of the objects heat capacity to the objects mass (add equation)
specific heat
c = Q/m . delta T
the rise in temperature by the unit it needs
heat capacity
device designed to measure the heat involved btwn physical and chemical changes
calorimeter
ing general, when you increase an obj’s temp, what will happen?
it expands
in general, what will happen when you decrease an object’s temp
it contracts
the one substance that does not obey the general rules of expanding/contracting
water
a device that automatically regulates temp
thermostat
name the 3 methods of heat transfer
convection, conduction, radiation
which method of heat transfer is by direct touch
conduction
which method of heat transfer does not need a median to transfer heat
radiation
what is convection?
the movement of heat by an actual material; as you heat by convection, its currents are created by the objects decreasing density
Davie invented the miner safety lamp. How did it keep them safe?
it kept everything from exploding by using a mesh screen
does radiation have to heat something up
no
vacuum bottle used to store VERY cold substances
dewer flask
what type of system warms a room by convection currents
hot water heating system
which law states that the energy lost or gained by one object must be equal to the energy lost or gained by another
the first law of thermodynamics
the first law of thermodynamics could also be considered a practical restatement of
the law of conservation of matter and energy
what is a theoretical device that can generate the max possible amount of work from a given amount of heat
Carnot engine
what law says that natural processes tend to go towards less energy and greater disorder
2nd law of thermodynamics
another way to state the 2nd law of thermodynamics is to say that all processes go to greater
disorder
measure of the disorder of a universe
entropy
what is the changing of a solid into a liquid
melting
what happens to the freezing point and boiling point of a substance when a solute is added to it
freezing point decreases and the boiling point increases
what is the amount of hidden heat that is required to change the state of matter of a substance
latent heat
amount of heat required to melt a substance
heat of fusion
amount of heat required to boil a substance
heat of vaporization
liquid that evaporates rapidly
volatile
what is the relationship btwn vapor pressure and temperature
direct relationship
what is the temp above which a liquid only will behave as a gas regardless of the pressure placed on it
critical temp
what is a device that uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from colder to warmer locations
heat pump
what is the most important component of a heat pump
refrigerant
what happens to the refrigerant in the condenser of a heat pump
it loses pressure and drops the temp
what is the forced state of matter where the energy is too high for matter to exist in its normal state
plasma
