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Physical Science > Chapter 5+6 Review Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 5+6 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the ability or the capacity to do work

A

energy

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2
Q

what is the si unit of work or energy

A

joule

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3
Q

what is energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

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4
Q

what is the energy associated with the position of the object or forces acting on it

A

potential energy

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5
Q

Einstein showed that a certain amount of energy could be equated to a certain amount of mass. What was this known as

A

the mass-energy equivalent

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6
Q

einstein’s famous equation that helped him prove the mass-energy equivalent theory

A

e = m(c)2

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7
Q

which law states that matter and energy are conserved

A

the law of conservation of matter and energy

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8
Q

the kinetic energy of an entire system

A

whole body kinetic energy

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9
Q

what is the type of kinetic energy that results from moving an object from one position to another

A

translational kinetic energy

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10
Q

what is the equation for kinetic energy

A

Ek = 1/2m(v)2

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11
Q

is kinetic energy more strongly effected by mass or speed?why?

A

Speed because speed is squared. Therefore, the faster something is moving the more energy it will have

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12
Q

if I double the mass, what happens to the kinetic energy?

A

it is x2 greater

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13
Q

if I double the velocity, what happens to the kinetic energy

A

it will square the kinetic energy (x4)

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14
Q

what type of energy occurs when an object is spinning about an internal axis

A

rotational energy

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15
Q

name the aspects that will change rotational kinetic energy

A

shape, mass, speed, size

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16
Q

what is an attractive force between all material objects

A

gravitational force

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17
Q

equation for gravitational forces

A

Ep = mgh

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17
Q

of the four fundamental forces of nature, which is the weakest

A

gravitational force

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18
Q

if I raise something up off the ground, what will happen to the gravitational potential energy

A

it will be raised
(just like the mass)

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19
Q

which fundamental force of nature is responsible for all other known forces of the universe except for the gravitational and subatomic

A

electromagnetic force

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20
Q

which specific force or energy is caused dues to restorative forces in a stretched or compressed object

A

elastic potential

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21
Q

what type of potential energy is caused between two magnetic materials

A

magnetic potential energy

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22
Q

of the four fundamental forces of nature which is the strongest

A

strong nuclear force

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23
Q

what is the internal energy that an object has because of random motion of its individual molecules

A

thermal energy

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24
Q

an objects thermal energy is closely related to its what?

A

temperature

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25
Q

how does mass affect thermal energy?

A

direct relationship

more mass = more thermal energy

26
Q

what is heat

A

the transfer of thermal energy

27
Q

what is the point at which there is no longer the transfer of heat btwn 2 objects

A

thermal equilibrium

28
Q

what is the amount for what needed to change an objects temperature by a certain amount

A

heat capacity

29
Q

what is the equation for heat capacity

A

C = Q/delta T

30
Q

what is defined as the ration of the objects heat capacity to the objects mass (add equation)

A

specific heat
c = Q/m . delta T

31
Q

the rise in temperature by the unit it needs

A

heat capacity

32
Q

device designed to measure the heat involved btwn physical and chemical changes

A

calorimeter

33
Q

ing general, when you increase an obj’s temp, what will happen?

A

it expands

34
Q

in general, what will happen when you decrease an object’s temp

A

it contracts

35
Q

the one substance that does not obey the general rules of expanding/contracting

A

water

36
Q

a device that automatically regulates temp

A

thermostat

37
Q

name the 3 methods of heat transfer

A

convection, conduction, radiation

38
Q

which method of heat transfer is by direct touch

A

conduction

39
Q

which method of heat transfer does not need a median to transfer heat

A

radiation

40
Q

what is convection?

A

the movement of heat by an actual material; as you heat by convection, its currents are created by the objects decreasing density

41
Q

Davie invented the miner safety lamp. How did it keep them safe?

A

it kept everything from exploding by using a mesh screen

42
Q

does radiation have to heat something up

A

no

43
Q

vacuum bottle used to store VERY cold substances

A

dewer flask

44
Q

what type of system warms a room by convection currents

A

hot water heating system

45
Q

which law states that the energy lost or gained by one object must be equal to the energy lost or gained by another

A

the first law of thermodynamics

46
Q

the first law of thermodynamics could also be considered a practical restatement of

A

the law of conservation of matter and energy

47
Q

what is a theoretical device that can generate the max possible amount of work from a given amount of heat

A

Carnot engine

48
Q

what law says that natural processes tend to go towards less energy and greater disorder

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

49
Q

another way to state the 2nd law of thermodynamics is to say that all processes go to greater

A

disorder

50
Q

measure of the disorder of a universe

A

entropy

51
Q

what is the changing of a solid into a liquid

A

melting

52
Q

what happens to the freezing point and boiling point of a substance when a solute is added to it

A

freezing point decreases and the boiling point increases

53
Q

what is the amount of hidden heat that is required to change the state of matter of a substance

A

latent heat

54
Q

amount of heat required to melt a substance

A

heat of fusion

55
Q

amount of heat required to boil a substance

A

heat of vaporization

56
Q

liquid that evaporates rapidly

A

volatile

57
Q

what is the relationship btwn vapor pressure and temperature

A

direct relationship

58
Q

what is the temp above which a liquid only will behave as a gas regardless of the pressure placed on it

A

critical temp

59
Q

what is a device that uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from colder to warmer locations

A

heat pump

60
Q

what is the most important component of a heat pump

A

refrigerant

61
Q

what happens to the refrigerant in the condenser of a heat pump

A

it loses pressure and drops the temp

62
Q

what is the forced state of matter where the energy is too high for matter to exist in its normal state

A

plasma

Physical Science (5 decks)

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