Chapter 5+6 Review

Question 1

what is the ability or the capacity to do work

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

what is the si unit of work or energy

Answer 2

joule

Question 3

what is energy of motion

Answer 3

kinetic energy

Question 4

what is the energy associated with the position of the object or forces acting on it

Answer 4

potential energy

Question 5

Einstein showed that a certain amount of energy could be equated to a certain amount of mass. What was this known as

Answer 5

the mass-energy equivalent

Question 6

einstein’s famous equation that helped him prove the mass-energy equivalent theory

Answer 6

e = m(c)2

Question 7

which law states that matter and energy are conserved

Answer 7

the law of conservation of matter and energy

Question 8

the kinetic energy of an entire system

Answer 8

whole body kinetic energy

Question 9

what is the type of kinetic energy that results from moving an object from one position to another

Answer 9

translational kinetic energy

Question 10

what is the equation for kinetic energy

Answer 10

Ek = 1/2m(v)2

Question 11

is kinetic energy more strongly effected by mass or speed?why?

Answer 11

Speed because speed is squared. Therefore, the faster something is moving the more energy it will have

Question 12

if I double the mass, what happens to the kinetic energy?

Answer 12

it is x2 greater

Question 13

if I double the velocity, what happens to the kinetic energy

Answer 13

it will square the kinetic energy (x4)

Question 14

what type of energy occurs when an object is spinning about an internal axis

Answer 14

rotational energy

Question 15

name the aspects that will change rotational kinetic energy

Answer 15

shape, mass, speed, size

Question 16

what is an attractive force between all material objects

Answer 16

gravitational force

Question 17

equation for gravitational forces

Answer 17

Ep = mgh

Question 17

of the four fundamental forces of nature, which is the weakest

Answer 17

gravitational force

Question 18

if I raise something up off the ground, what will happen to the gravitational potential energy

Answer 18

it will be raised
(just like the mass)

Question 19

which fundamental force of nature is responsible for all other known forces of the universe except for the gravitational and subatomic

Answer 19

electromagnetic force

Question 20

which specific force or energy is caused dues to restorative forces in a stretched or compressed object

Answer 20

elastic potential

Question 21

what type of potential energy is caused between two magnetic materials

Answer 21

magnetic potential energy

Question 22

of the four fundamental forces of nature which is the strongest

Answer 22

strong nuclear force

Question 23

what is the internal energy that an object has because of random motion of its individual molecules

Answer 23

thermal energy

Question 24

an objects thermal energy is closely related to its what?

Answer 24

temperature

Question 25

how does mass affect thermal energy?

Answer 25

direct relationship more mass = more thermal energy

Question 26

what is heat

Answer 26

the transfer of thermal energy

Question 27

what is the point at which there is no longer the transfer of heat btwn 2 objects

Answer 27

thermal equilibrium

Question 28

what is the amount for what needed to change an objects temperature by a certain amount

Answer 28

heat capacity

Question 29

what is the equation for heat capacity

Answer 29

C = Q/delta T

Question 30

what is defined as the ration of the objects heat capacity to the objects mass (add equation)

Answer 30

specific heat c = Q/m . delta T

Question 31

the rise in temperature by the unit it needs

Answer 31

heat capacity

Question 32

device designed to measure the heat involved btwn physical and chemical changes

Answer 32

calorimeter

Question 33

ing general, when you increase an obj's temp, what will happen?

Answer 33

it expands

Question 34

in general, what will happen when you decrease an object's temp

Answer 34

it contracts

Question 35

the one substance that does not obey the general rules of expanding/contracting

Answer 35

water

Question 36

a device that automatically regulates temp

Answer 36

thermostat

Question 37

name the 3 methods of heat transfer

Answer 37

convection, conduction, radiation

Question 38

which method of heat transfer is by direct touch

Answer 38

conduction

Question 39

which method of heat transfer does not need a median to transfer heat

Answer 39

radiation

Question 40

what is convection?

Answer 40

the movement of heat by an actual material; as you heat by convection, its currents are created by the objects decreasing density

Question 41

Davie invented the miner safety lamp. How did it keep them safe?

Answer 41

it kept everything from exploding by using a mesh screen

Question 42

does radiation have to heat something up

Answer 42

no

Question 43

vacuum bottle used to store VERY cold substances

Answer 43

dewer flask

Question 44

what type of system warms a room by convection currents

Answer 44

hot water heating system

Question 45

which law states that the energy lost or gained by one object must be equal to the energy lost or gained by another

Answer 45

the first law of thermodynamics

Question 46

the first law of thermodynamics could also be considered a practical restatement of

Answer 46

the law of conservation of matter and energy

Question 47

what is a theoretical device that can generate the max possible amount of work from a given amount of heat

Answer 47

Carnot engine

Question 48

what law says that natural processes tend to go towards less energy and greater disorder

Answer 48

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 49

another way to state the 2nd law of thermodynamics is to say that all processes go to greater

Answer 49

disorder

Question 50

measure of the disorder of a universe

Answer 50

entropy

Question 51

what is the changing of a solid into a liquid

Answer 51

melting

Question 52

what happens to the freezing point and boiling point of a substance when a solute is added to it

Answer 52

freezing point decreases and the boiling point increases

Question 53

what is the amount of hidden heat that is required to change the state of matter of a substance

Answer 53

latent heat

Question 54

amount of heat required to melt a substance

Answer 54

heat of fusion

Question 55

amount of heat required to boil a substance

Answer 55

heat of vaporization

Question 56

liquid that evaporates rapidly

Answer 56

volatile

Question 57

what is the relationship btwn vapor pressure and temperature

Answer 57

direct relationship

Question 58

what is the temp above which a liquid only will behave as a gas regardless of the pressure placed on it

Answer 58

critical temp

Question 59

what is a device that uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from colder to warmer locations

Answer 59

heat pump

Question 60

what is the most important component of a heat pump

Answer 60

refrigerant

Question 61

what happens to the refrigerant in the condenser of a heat pump

Answer 61

it loses pressure and drops the temp

Question 62

what is the forced state of matter where the energy is too high for matter to exist in its normal state

Answer 62

plasma