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Physical Science > Chapter 4 Review Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

what is defined as attraction to like substances

A

cohesion

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2
Q

what is any substance that is capable of flowing

A

fluid

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3
Q

which state of matter has no definite shape or volume

A

gas

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4
Q

what is the tendency of a liquid to pull atoms or molecules near its surface back into the liquid

A

surface tension

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5
Q

force per unit area

A

pressure

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6
Q

what is the curved upward portion of a liquid due to cohesion and adhesion

A

meniscus

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7
Q

what is the ability of a liquid to seem to inherently rise or fall in a tube

A

capillarity

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8
Q

what is the si unit of pressure

A

pascal

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8
Q

true/false gravitational pressure is felt equally in every direction at a given point

A

true

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9
Q

true/false a factor that affects gravitational pressure is a fluids density

A

true

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9
Q

what do we call the amount of force or pressure placed upon and object due to its weight

A

gravitational pressure

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10
Q

what is device that uses a confined fluid to multiply force

A

hydraulic press

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11
Q

true/false the increase in force provided by a hydraulic press can only occur at the expense of distance

A

true

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12
Q

what is a characteristic of a gas that means it able to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers

A

compressability

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13
Q

gas law that has a constant temperature with pressure and volume inversely proportional

A

Boyles law

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14
Q

which gas law is given by the equation P1V1 = P2V2

A

Boyles Law

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15
Q

all gas law temps must use what temp scale and why

A

kelvin b/c of its absolute 0
(cant use negative values)

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15
Q

which of the gas laws states that volume and temp are directly related at a constant pressure

A

Charles law

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16
Q

which gas law states the pressure and temp are directly related when volume is constant

A

Amontons Law

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17
Q

true/false Boyles law is true because a change in volume changes the frequency of collisions of molecules

A

true

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17
Q

true/false pressure in a gas is generated by the force of all the molecules collisions with the containers walls

A

true

18
Q

true/false Charles law is observed when the more frequent and more forceful collisions are caused by a decrease in temp

A

false (its and increase in temp_

19
Q

who is credited with the discovery of atmospheric pressure

A

Toricelli

19
Q

gravitational pressure of the atmosphere

A

atmospheric pressure

20
Q

true/false Amontons Law is explained by a decrease in temp, causing the molecules to collide more forcefully with the sides of the container

A

false (its an increase in temp)

21
Q

what was the device the Toricelli invented

A

barometer

22
Q

what was the substance that torecielli used in his first barometer

A

mercury

23
Q

what is a barometer that is used to measure altitude

A

altimeter

24
Q

what is a barometer that doesn’t used a liquid

A

Android barometer

25
Q

who was the scientist that discovered the principles of buoycancy

A

archimedes

25
Q

how are liquids or fluids able to move upwards through a straw

A

decreasing pressure

26
Q

whose principle states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

A

Archimede’s priciple

27
Q

what is a technique used to measure the specific gravity by taking the weight in air minus the weight in fluid

A

hydrostatic weighing

27
Q

device used the measure a fluids specific gravity

A

hydrometer

28
Q

an object in a fluid will float if it is ___________

A

less dense than the fluid

29
Q

what is the point at which an object neither sinks nor floats

A

neutral buoyancy

30
Q

what is the fluid friction that tends to slow down an object as it moves through a fluid

A

drag

31
Q

what is the science of shaping an object to reduce drag

A

streamlining

32
Q

what is the force generated on an object by relative motion btwn a fluid and that object

A

lift

33
Q

simple device used to produce lift

A

foil

34
Q

name factors that affect lift

A

shape
size
angle of attack
density of the fluid

35
Q

true/false lift doesn’t depend on the fluids velocities and properties

A

true

36
Q

what is the phenomenon that a spinning cylinder/ball does in order to produce lift

A

Magnus effect

37
Q

which effect states that as a fluids velocity increases the lateral pressure will decrease

A

Bernoulli effect

38
Q

name one of the devices that utilizes Bernoulli’s effect

A

carbonator, airbrush, foil

39
Q

acceleration equaltion

A

a = delta v / t

39
Q

density equation

A

p = m/v

40
Q

how to find the force of weight

A

Fw = mg (g = 9.81)

41
Q

efficiency equation

A

n = Wo/Wi
l

42
Q

Newtons second law equation

A

f = ma

43
Q

method of finding the output force of the output piston of a hydraulic press

A

Fi/Ai = Fo/Ao

Physical Science (5 decks)

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