Chapter 4 Review Flashcards
what is defined as attraction to like substances
cohesion
what is any substance that is capable of flowing
fluid
which state of matter has no definite shape or volume
gas
what is the tendency of a liquid to pull atoms or molecules near its surface back into the liquid
surface tension
force per unit area
pressure
what is the curved upward portion of a liquid due to cohesion and adhesion
meniscus
what is the ability of a liquid to seem to inherently rise or fall in a tube
capillarity
what is the si unit of pressure
pascal
true/false gravitational pressure is felt equally in every direction at a given point
true
true/false a factor that affects gravitational pressure is a fluids density
true
what do we call the amount of force or pressure placed upon and object due to its weight
gravitational pressure
what is device that uses a confined fluid to multiply force
hydraulic press
true/false the increase in force provided by a hydraulic press can only occur at the expense of distance
true
what is a characteristic of a gas that means it able to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers
compressability
gas law that has a constant temperature with pressure and volume inversely proportional
Boyles law
which gas law is given by the equation P1V1 = P2V2
Boyles Law
all gas law temps must use what temp scale and why
kelvin b/c of its absolute 0
(cant use negative values)
which of the gas laws states that volume and temp are directly related at a constant pressure
Charles law
which gas law states the pressure and temp are directly related when volume is constant
Amontons Law
true/false Boyles law is true because a change in volume changes the frequency of collisions of molecules
true
true/false pressure in a gas is generated by the force of all the molecules collisions with the containers walls
true
true/false Charles law is observed when the more frequent and more forceful collisions are caused by a decrease in temp
false (its and increase in temp_
who is credited with the discovery of atmospheric pressure
Toricelli
gravitational pressure of the atmosphere
atmospheric pressure
true/false Amontons Law is explained by a decrease in temp, causing the molecules to collide more forcefully with the sides of the container
false (its an increase in temp)
what was the device the Toricelli invented
barometer
what was the substance that torecielli used in his first barometer
mercury
what is a barometer that is used to measure altitude
altimeter
what is a barometer that doesn’t used a liquid
Android barometer
who was the scientist that discovered the principles of buoycancy
archimedes
how are liquids or fluids able to move upwards through a straw
decreasing pressure
whose principle states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
Archimede’s priciple
what is a technique used to measure the specific gravity by taking the weight in air minus the weight in fluid
hydrostatic weighing
device used the measure a fluids specific gravity
hydrometer
an object in a fluid will float if it is ___________
less dense than the fluid
what is the point at which an object neither sinks nor floats
neutral buoyancy
what is the fluid friction that tends to slow down an object as it moves through a fluid
drag
what is the science of shaping an object to reduce drag
streamlining
what is the force generated on an object by relative motion btwn a fluid and that object
lift
simple device used to produce lift
foil
name factors that affect lift
shape
size
angle of attack
density of the fluid
true/false lift doesn’t depend on the fluids velocities and properties
true
what is the phenomenon that a spinning cylinder/ball does in order to produce lift
Magnus effect
which effect states that as a fluids velocity increases the lateral pressure will decrease
Bernoulli effect
name one of the devices that utilizes Bernoulli’s effect
carbonator, airbrush, foil
acceleration equaltion
a = delta v / t
density equation
p = m/v
how to find the force of weight
Fw = mg (g = 9.81)
efficiency equation
n = Wo/Wi
l
Newtons second law equation
f = ma
method of finding the output force of the output piston of a hydraulic press
Fi/Ai = Fo/Ao
