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RT Medical Terminology > Chapter 7: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Define: Carbon Dioxide

A

Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by body cells during metabolism.

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2
Q

Define: Cartilage

A

Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone.

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3
Q

Define: Cilia

A

Minute, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell.

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4
Q

Define: Diffuse

A

To move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces.

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5
Q

Define: Oxygen

A

Tasteless, odourless, colourless gas essential for human respiration.

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6
Q

Define: pH

A

Symbol indicating the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

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7
Q

Define: Serous Membrane

A

Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secrets a fluid that keeps the membrane moist.

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8
Q

What are the element words for nose? (2)

A
  1. Nas/o
  2. Rhin/o
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9
Q

What is the element word for septum?

A

Sept/o

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10
Q

What is the element word for sinus or cavity?

A
  1. Sinus/o
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11
Q

What is the element word for pharynx (throat)?

A
  1. Pharyng/o
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12
Q

What is the element word for adenoids?

A

Adenoid/o

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13
Q

What is the element word for tonsils?

A

Tonsill/o

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14
Q

What is the element word for epiglottis?

A

Epoglott/o

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15
Q

What is the element ford for larynx (Voice Box)?

A

Laryng/o

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16
Q

What is the element word for trachea (windpipe)?

A

Trache/o

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17
Q

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

A

FLIP TO NEXT CARD

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18
Q

What is the element word for bronchus (Bronchi)? (2)

A
  1. Bronchi/o
  2. Bronch/o
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19
Q

What is the element word for bronchiole?

A

Brinchiol/o

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20
Q

What is the element word for alveolus (air sac)?

A

alveol/o

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21
Q

What is the element word for pleura?

A

Pleur/o

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22
Q

What is the element word for air? (2)

A
  1. Pnuem/o
  2. Pneumon/o
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23
Q

What is the element word for lung?

A

Pulmon/o

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24
Q

What is the element word for coal or coal dust?

A

anthrac/o

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25
Q

What is the element word for incomplete/imperfect?

A

Atel/o

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26
Q

What is the element word for dust?

A

coni/o

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27
Q

What is the element word for lobe?

A

Lob/o

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28
Q

What is the element word for straight?

A

orth/o

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29
Q

What is the element word for oxygen?

A
  1. Ox/o
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30
Q

What is the element word for chest? (3)

A
  1. Pector/o
  2. Steth/o
  3. Thorac/o
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31
Q

What is the element word for diaphragm?

A

Phren/o

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32
Q

What is the element word for breathe?

A

Spir/o

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33
Q

What is the suffix word for CO2?

A

-capina

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34
Q

What is the suffix word for smell?

A

-osmia

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35
Q

What is the suffix word for voice?

A

-phonia

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36
Q

What is the suffix word for breathing?

A

-pnea

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37
Q

What is the suffix word for spitting?

A

-ptysis

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38
Q

What is the suffix word for chest?

A

-thorax

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39
Q

What is the prefix word for slow?

A

brady-

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40
Q

What is the prefix word for bad, painful, or difficult?

A

dys-

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41
Q

What is the prefix word for good/normal?

A

eu-

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42
Q

What is the prefix word for rapid?

A

tachy-

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43
Q

Give the description of at risk/mild severity level of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A
  • Minor difficulty with airflow
  • Possible presence of chronic cough with septum production
  • Patient possibly unaware of disease
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44
Q

Give description of moderate level of COPD.

A
  1. Apparent limitation in airflow
  2. Possible breath shortness.
  3. Patient possibly seeking medical intervention at this level
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45
Q

Give description of severe level of COPD.

A
  1. Inadequate airflow
  2. Increase in shortness of breath with activity
  3. Patient experiencing diminished quality of life.
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46
Q

Give description of very severe level of COPD.

A
  1. Severe airflow limitations.
  2. Significant impairment in life quality.
  3. Possible life-threatening exacerbations.
  4. Possible development of complications, like respiratory or heart failure.
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47
Q

What are the 4 abnormal breath sounds?

A
  1. Crackle
  2. Rhonchus
  3. Stridor
  4. Wheeze
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48
Q

Crackle

A

Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli

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49
Q

Rhonchus

A

Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring.

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50
Q

Stridor

A

High-pitched, harsh sounds caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway.

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51
Q

Wheeze

A

Whistling or signting that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway.

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52
Q

Define: Acidosis

A

Excessive acidity of body fluids

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53
Q

Define: Anosmia

A

Absence of the sense of smell

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54
Q

Define: Apnea

A

Disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing the patient to awaken and gasp for air.

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55
Q

What is Central Apnea (CSA)?

A

A form of sleep apnea that occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing

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56
Q

What is obstructive apnea? (OSA)

A

Most common form of sleep apnea caused by an upper airway blockage that prevents an adequate flow of air to the lungs

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57
Q

What is mixed apnea?

A

Type of sleep apnea that occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously.

58
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic, and affects all or part of a lung.

59
Q

What is coryza?

A

Acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose.

60
Q

What is croup?

A

Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involves the lungs.

61
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Life threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas.

62
Q

What is deviated nasal septum?

A

Displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleed.

63
Q

Define: Epiglottitis

A

A severe infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in kids between 2 and 12.

64
Q

What are symptoms of epiglottitis?

A

Fever, dysphagia, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress.

65
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nasal hemorrhage (aka a nosebleed)

66
Q

Define: Hypoxemia

A

O2 deficiency in arterial blood, which is usually a sign of respiratory impairment and commonly causes hypoxia.

67
Q

Define: Hypoxia

A

Oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis.

68
Q

Define: Influenza

A

Acute, contagious viral disorder of respiratory tract that is characterized by weakness, fever, chills, muscle pain in back arms and legs. (AKA THE FLU)

69
Q

Define: Pertussis

A

Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound

70
Q

Define: Pleural Effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs.

71
Q

Define: Empyema

A

Exudative effusion characterized by a collection of pus in the pleural cavity, commonly as a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from the lungs

72
Q

Define: Pneumothorax

A

Presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury, or as the result of a thoracic surgery.

73
Q

Define: Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing

74
Q

Define: Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body.

75
Q

Define: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months

76
Q

Define: Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats

77
Q

Describe a Mantoux Test

A

Tuberculosis screening test in which an injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to tuberculosis.

78
Q

Describe: Oximetry.

A

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen.

79
Q

Describe the polysomonography test

A

Test of sleep cycles and stages using electroencephalograms (EEGs), which are continuous recordings of brain waves, as well as electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and, sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera.

80
Q

Describe: Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT)

A

Series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments.

81
Q

What is a spirometry?

A

PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs.

82
Q

What is a bronchoscopy?

A

Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor.

83
Q

What is a laryngoscopy?

A

Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities.

84
Q

What is mediastinoscopy?

A

Visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes.

85
Q

What is arterial blood gas (ABG)?

A

A Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

86
Q

What is sputum culture?

A

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias.

87
Q

What is a sweat test?

A

A measurement of the amount of sodium chloride in sweat.

88
Q

What is throat culture?

A

A test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci.

89
Q

What is a chest x-ray (CXR)?

A

Radiographic test that aids in identifying lung conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax.

90
Q

What is computed tomography pulmonary angiography?

A

Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

91
Q

What is ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan?

A

A Nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs.

92
Q

What is a pleurectomy?

A

Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura.

93
Q

What is a pneumonectomy?

A

Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer.

94
Q

What is a septoplasty?

A

Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum that is usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures.

95
Q

What is thoracentesis?

A

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity.

96
Q

What is tracheostomy?

A

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted.

97
Q

What is aerosol therapy?

A

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways.

98
Q

What is antral lavage?

A

Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management.

99
Q

What is endotracheal intubation?

A

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway.

100
Q

What is postural drainage?

A

Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier.

101
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

Destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of their metabolic processes.

102
Q

What are the generic names of antibiotics?

A
  1. azithromycin
  2. amoxicillin clavulanate
103
Q

What do antihistamines do?

A

Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues.

104
Q

What are the generic names for antihistamines?

A
  1. Fexofenadine
  2. Loratadine
105
Q

What do antitussives do?

A

Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain.

106
Q

What are the generic names of antitussives?

A
  1. Hydrocodone
  2. Dextromethorphan
107
Q

What do bronchodilators do?

A

Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased airflow.

108
Q

What are the generic names of bronchodilators? (3)

A
  1. Albuterol
  2. Salmeterol
  3. Budesonide/Formoterol
109
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

Act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions.

110
Q

What are the generic names of corticosteroids? (2)

A
  1. Beclomethasone
  2. Mometasone
111
Q

What do decongestants do?

A

Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways.

112
Q

What are the generic names of decongestants? (2)

A
  1. Oxymetazoline
  2. Pseudophedrine
113
Q

What do expectorants do?

A

Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes.

Generic name –> Guaifenesin

114
Q
A
115
Q

ABG

A

Arterial Blood Gas(es)

116
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

117
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

118
Q

CF

A

Cystic Fibrosis

119
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

120
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

121
Q

CT

A

Computed Tomography

122
Q

CTPA

A

Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography

123
Q

CXR

A

Chest X-Ray
Chest Radiograph

124
Q

DPI

A

Dry Powder Inhaler

125
Q

DPT

A

Diphtheria, Petussis, Tetanus

126
Q

DVT

A

Deep vein thrombosis

127
Q

EEG

A

Electronecephalogram

128
Q

Hb, Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

129
Q

HMD

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

130
Q

MDI

A

Metered-dose inhaler

131
Q

NMT

A

nebulized mist treatment

132
Q

OSA

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

133
Q

PCo2

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide

134
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia
Primary Care Physician

135
Q

PFT

A

Pulmonary Function Test

136
Q

pH

A

Degree of acidity or alkalinity

137
Q

PO2

A

Partial pressure of oxygen

138
Q

PPD

A

Purified Protein Deravitive

139
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

140
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of Breath

141
Q
A

RT Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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