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RT Medical Terminology > Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Define: Articulation

A

Place of union between two or more bones

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2
Q

Define: Hematopoiesis

A

Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow.

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3
Q

Define: Ligaments

A

Connective tissue that surrounds the joint capsule to bind bones to other bones

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4
Q

Define: Tendons

A

Connective tissue that binds muscle to bone on either side of a joint.

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5
Q

Compare the following actions: Adduction vs Abduction

A

Adduction: Move closer to midline

Abduction: Move further away from midline

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6
Q

Compare the following actions: Flexion vs Extension

A

Flexion: Decreasing the angle of a joint

Extension: Increasing the angle of a joint

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7
Q

Describe: Rotation

A

Moving a bone around its own axis.

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8
Q

Compare the following actions: Pronation vs Supination

A

Pronation: Turns the palms downwards.

Supination: Turns the palms upwards

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9
Q

Compare the following actions: Inversion vs Eversion

A

Inversion: Moves the sole of the foot inwards

Eversion: Moves the sole of the foot outwards

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10
Q

Compare the following actions: Dorsiflexion vs Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion: Elevates the foot

Plantar Flexion: Lowers the foot (points the toes)

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11
Q

What is the element word for smooth (visceral) muscle?

A

Leiomy/o

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12
Q

What are the 2 element words for muscle?

A
  1. Muscul/o
  2. My/o
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13
Q

What is the element word for rod-shaped (Striated)?

A

Rhabd/o

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14
Q

What is the element word for rod-shaped (striated) muscle?

A

rhabdomy/o

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15
Q

What is the element word for Arm?

A

brachi/o

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16
Q

What is the element word for carpus (wrist bone)?

A

carp/o

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17
Q

What is the element word for head?

A

cephal/o

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18
Q

What is the element word for neck (cervix uteri)?

A

Cervic/o

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19
Q

What is the element word for clavicle (collar bone)?

A

clavicul/o

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20
Q

What is the element word for ribs?

A

cost/o

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21
Q

What is the element word for cranium (skull)?

A

Crani/o

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22
Q

What is the element word for fingers (toes)?

A

dactyl/o

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23
Q

What is the element word for humerus (upper arm bone)?

A

humer/o

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24
Q

What is the element word for phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)?

A

phalang/o

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25
Q

what is the element word for radiation/x-ray?

A

radi/o

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26
Q

What are the 2 element words for vertebrae (backbone)?

A
  1. Spondyl/o
  2. Vertebr/o
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27
Q

What is the element word for sternum (breastbone)?

A

Stern/o

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28
Q

What is the element word for chest?

A

thorac/o

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29
Q

What is the element word for calcaneum (heel bone)?

A

calcane/o

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30
Q

What is the element word for femur (thigh bone)?

A

Femor/o

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31
Q

What is the element word for fibula (smaller bone of lower leg)?

A

fibul/o

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32
Q

What is the element word for ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)?

A

ili/o

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33
Q

What is the element word for ischium (lower portion of hip bone)?

A

ischi/o

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34
Q

What is the element word for loins (lower back)?

A

lumb/o

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35
Q

What is the element word for metatarsus?

A

metatars/o

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36
Q

What is the element word for patella (kneecap)?

A

Patell/o

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37
Q

What are the 2 element worlds for pelvis?

A
  1. Pelv/i
  2. Pelv/o
38
Q

What is the element word for foot?

A

Pod/o

39
Q

What is the element word for pubis?

A

Pub/o

40
Q

What is the element word for tibia (larger bone of lower leg)?

A

Tibi/o

41
Q

What is the element word for stiffness/bent/crooked?

A

ankyl/o

42
Q

What is the element word for joint?

A

arthr/o

43
Q

What is the element word for cartilage?

A

chondr/o

44
Q

What is the element word for Band, fascia?

A

fasci/o

45
Q

What is the element word for fibre/fibrous tissue?

A

fibr/o

46
Q

What is the element word for humpback?

A

kyph/o

47
Q

what is the element word for lamina?

A

lamin/o

48
Q

What is the element word for curve/swayback?

A

Lord/o

49
Q

What is the element word for bone marrow?

A

Myel/o

50
Q

What is the element word for straight?

A

orth/o

51
Q

What is the element word for bone?

A

Oste/o

52
Q

What is the element word for a foot; child?

A
  1. Ped/o
  2. Ped/i
53
Q

What is the element word for crooked, bent?

A

Scoli/o

54
Q

What is the element word for synovial membrane, synovial fluid?

A
  1. Synov/o
55
Q

What are the 3 element words for tendon?

A
  1. Ten/o
  2. Tend/o
  3. Tendin/o
56
Q

What is the suffix for weakness/debility?

A

-asthenia

57
Q

What is the suffix word for to break/surgical fracture?

A

-clasia. or -clast

58
Q

What is the suffix for softening?

A

-malacia

59
Q

What is the suffix for porous?

A
  • porosis
60
Q

What is the suffix word for porous?

A

-Porosis

61
Q

What is the suffix word for malignant tumour of connective tissue?

A

-sarcoma

62
Q

What is the suffix word for bad/painful/difficult?

A

dys-

63
Q

What is the suffix word for union/together/joined?

A

syn-

64
Q

Describe: bunion (hallux valgus)

A

Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes.

65
Q

Describe: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

A

Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass).

66
Q

Describe: Claudication

A

Lameness, limping

67
Q

Describe: Contracture

A

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint.

68
Q

Describe: Crepitation

A

Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction.

69
Q

Describe: Ganglion Cyst

A

Fluid-filled tumour that commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands but may also appear in the feet.

70
Q

Describe: Gout

A

Joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space.

71
Q

Describe: Herniated Disk

A

Rupture of a vertebral disk’s center (nucleus pulposus) through its outer edge, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs.

72
Q

Describe: Hypotonia

A

Loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive streching.

73
Q

Describe: Myasthenia Gravis

A

Chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness, especially in eyes + face + throat+ limbs.

74
Q

Describe: osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue surrounding the bone.

75
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.

76
Q

Describe: Paget disease

A

Inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone.

Most commonly affects long bones of legs, lower spine, pelvis, and skull.

77
Q

Describe: Phantom Limb

A

A perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists.

78
Q

Describe: Rickets

A

Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

79
Q

Describe: Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine, either to right or left.

80
Q

Describe: kyphosis

A

Abnormal curvature of upper portion of spine (aka humpback or hunchback)

81
Q

Describe: Lordosis

A

Abnormal, inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine (aka swayback).

82
Q

Describe: Spondylolisthesis

A

Any slipping of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it.

83
Q

What is the suffix word for slipping?

A

-listhesis.

84
Q

Describe: Sprain and Strain

A

Overstreching or tearing of ligaments (sprain) or muscle or tendon (strain).

85
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae.

86
Q

Talipes equinovarus

A

Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side (aka clubfoot)

87
Q

define: autography

A

Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity.

88
Q

Define: Bone Density Test

A

Procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density.

89
Q

Define: Discography

A

Radiological exam of intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium.

90
Q

Bone Scintigraphy

A

Nuclear medicine procedure that involves intravenous injection of a radionucleide taken up into the bone.

91
Q
A

RT Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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