chapter 7 quiz 2

Question 1

prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic

Answer 1

prokaryotic
-no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelles

eukaryotic
-nucleus
-membrane bound organelles

Question 2

structure of virus

Answer 2

nucleic acids surrounded by protein (capsid)

Question 3

how do viruses reproduce (bacteriophages)

Answer 3

-attach to host cell and inject DNA
-host replicates virus DNA and its own DNA is destroyed
-host translates and transcribes viral genes into proteins
-viral DNA and proteins are assembled into new viruses
-viruses are released from host cell

Question 4

how does a virus reproduce (animal)

Answer 4

-viron binds to protein receptors on cell membrane
-membrane of viron fuses with host membrane (endocytosis)
-reverse transcription (RNA-> DNA)
-viral DNA is integrated with host DNA
-host DNA replicates DNA and makes viral proteins
-proteins and RNA are assembled into new viruses and exit cell(exocytosis)
-as virus exits it is coated in plasma membrane of host cell

Question 5

why is a virus non living

Answer 5

it does not have all 6 characteristics of life (missing 1:composed of cells, 2:metabolize, 3:grow develop and reproduce, 5:respond)

Question 6

vaccine

Answer 6

when you take an antigen(deadened version, toxin of virus, etc) of an infecting agent and inject it into an uninfected person with the purpose of immunizing a person

Question 7

3 ways which bacteria are categrized

Answer 7

morpholigical appearance (bacalli/rod-shaped, cocci/spherical, spiral), the structure/thickness of the bacteria cell wall (using gram stain) and through the nutrients the bacteria need to grow

Question 8

pathogenic bacteria

Answer 8

bacteria which can cause disease

Question 9

antibiotics

Answer 9

chemicals naturally produced (byproduct) by bacteria or fungi which kills off other bacteria