chapter 4 test

Question 1

goal of cellular respiration

Answer 1

to release energy as ATP from the chemical bonds of glucose to sustain the cell

Question 2

goal of photosynthesis

Answer 2

to harness energy from the sunlight and store it in chemical bonds of glucose

Question 3

what does cellular respiration

Answer 3

all living things

Question 4

what does photosynthesis

Answer 4

plants, algae, cyan bacteria

Question 5

steps of cellular respiration

Answer 5

glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, kreb cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

steps of photosynthesis

Answer 6

light dependent, light independent

Question 7

how does the ATP synthase work

Answer 7

it uses facilitated diffusion and the H+ ion concentration gradient

Question 8

aerobic vs. anaerobic

Answer 8

aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic does not require oxygen

Question 9

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 9

occurs in muscles due to lack of oxygen, regenerates NADH+, uses 2 pyruvic acid

Question 10

cellular respiration equation

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy(ATP) (reverse is equation for photosynthesis)

Question 11

4 biomolecules and their roles

Answer 11

carbohydrates (quick energy), lipids (store energy)
proteins (enzymes)
nucleic acids (store genetic info in DNA)

Question 12

glycolysis

Answer 12

-takes place in cytoplasm
-does not require oxygen
-requires 2 ATP
-uses 1 glucose
-it makes 2 peruvic acid, 4 ATP
and 2 NADH

Question 13

oxidation of pyruvate

Answer 13

-takes place in mitochondrial matrix
-requires oxygen
-beginning substance: 2 peruvic acid and CoA (Coenzyme A)
-makes: 2 acetyl CoA, 2 Carbon Dioxide, 2 NADH

Question 14

krebs Cycle

Answer 14

-happens in mitochondrial matrix
-requires oxygen
-beginning substance: 2 acetyl CoA, 4 carbon oxaloacetate
-makes: 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 15

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 15

-happens in mitochondrial matrix
-requires oxygen
-beginning substance: NADH, FADH2, protein complexes I-IV, H+ ions, Cytochrom C, coenzyme Q
-makes: 26-28ATP, H2O, NAD+, FAD

Question 16

light dependent

Answer 16

• happens in thalykoid (Chloroplast)
• purpose: make ATP , NADPH to fuel Calvin cycle
  -series of protein complexes putting energy into electrons from the H+ ions of water releasing O2 (excited electrons, H+ ions, O2)
• H+ions charge the ATP synthase

Question 17

light independent

Answer 17

-happens in stroma (chloroplast)
-purpose: make glucose from CO2
- takes 2 turns of calvin cycle to get one glucose, requires a lot of energy