Chapter 7 pt 3 Flashcards
how do amphetamines work
block reuptake and facilitate the release of dopamine and norepinephrine from never endings, causing stimulant effect
heavy use of amphetamines can induce what
amphetamine induced psychosis- a state that may MIMIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
what are the symptoms of amphetamine abuse
euphoria dilated pupils increased libido tachycardia perspiration grinding teeth chest pain
how does MDMA work
release dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin from nerve endings
amphetamine and MDMA overdose can lead to what
hyperthermia
dehydration
rhabdomyolysis
renal failure
how doe sone treat MDMA and amphetamine intoxication
rehydrate
correct electrolytes
treat hyperthermia
what are the signs of ketamine intoxication
tachycardia
tachypnea
hallucinations
amnesia
what are the symptoms of PCP intoxication
RED DANES Rage Erythema Dilated pupils Delusions Amnesia Nystagmus Excitation Skin dryness
rotatory nystagmus is strongly suggestive of what
PCP intoxication
amphetamine withdrawal can lead to prolonged what
depression
what is PCP
dissociative hallucinogenic that antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors and activates dopaminergic neurons
stimulating or depressing effect depending on the dose taken
overdose of PCP or ketamine can cause what
seizures
delirium
coma
even death
how does one treat PCP or ketamine intox
monitor vitals, temp, electrolytes
minimize sensory input
benzos (lorazempam) to treat agitation, anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizure
antipsychotics (haloperidol) to control severe agitation or psychotic symptoms
there is no withdrawal from PCP or ketamine but what can one experience after taking it and what
FLASH BACKS- recurrence of intoxication symptoms from release of drug from body LIPID STORES
tactile and visual hallucinations are seen in what drug intoxication
cocaine and PCP
what agents are in the sedative-hypnotics category
benzos barbs zolpidem zaleplon gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) meprobamate
what drug more often than others results in violence
PCP
what is gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
dose-dependent CNS depressant that produces: confusion dizziness drowsiness memory loss resp distress coma DATE-RAPE DRUG
how do benzos work
Benzos are my Frenzos
increase frequency of chloride channel opening thus potentiating GABA
what are barbiturates used for and how do they work
epilepsy and anesthesia
increase duration of chloride channel opening thus potentiates GABA
high doses direct GABA agonist
what does intoxication off sedative-hypnotics
drowsiness confusion hypotension slurred speech incoordination ataxia mood lability impaired judgement nystagmus respiratory depression coma or death if overdose
long term sedative use can lead to what
dependence and may cause depressive symptoms
of withdrawal from all kinds of drugs, which has the highest mortality rate
barbiturates (withdrawal can be deadly)
what is flumazenil
very short-acting BDZ antagonist used for treating BDZ overdose
use with caution b/c may PRECIPITATE SEIZURES
how does one treat barbiturate overdose
alkalinize urine with sodium bicarbonate to promote renal excretion
how is sedative-hypnotic OD treated
maintain ABCs
monitor vitals
activated charcoal and gastric lavage to prevent further GI absorption (if drug ingested in prior 4-6 hours)
what can happen from sedative-hypnotic withdrawal
death homie
in general what kinds of drugs cause life threatening withdrawal
sedating drugs (alcohol, barbs, benzos)
how is sedative-hypnotic withdrawal treated
benzo taper
