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Psych > Chapter 3 pt 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 pt 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the negative symptoms of schizophrenia can be remembered by the “5 As” what are they

A 
anhedonia
affect (flat)
alogia (poverty of speech)
abolition (apathy)
attention (poor)
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2
Q

what are examples of catatonia seen in schizophrenia

A

stereotyped movements, bizarre posturing, and muscle rigidity

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3
Q

what psychiatric exam findings are seen in patients with schizophrenia

A 
disheveled appliance
flat affect
disorganized thought process
intact procedural memory and orientation
auditory hallucinations
paranoid delusions
ideas of reference
lack of insight into their disease
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4
Q

what is echolalia

A

repeats works or phrases

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5
Q

what is echopraxia

A

mimics behaviors

PRActices behaviors

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6
Q

what is the timeline difference between brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform, and schizophrenia

A

brief psychotic is less than 1 month
schizophreniform is 1-6 months
schizophrenia is over 6 months

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7
Q

people born when have higher incidence of schizophrenia

A

winter and late spring

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8
Q

men have what outcome in schizophrenia compared to women

A

more negative symptoms

worse prognosis

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9
Q

what is the most common substance used in patients with schizophrenia

A

nicotine

next is alcohol then cannabis then cocaine

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10
Q

what is the DOWNWARD DRIFT HYPOTHESIS

A

people suffering from schizophrenia are unable to function well in society and hence end up in lower socioeconomic groups

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11
Q

what is post-psychotic depression

A

major depressive episode after resolution of their psychotic symptoms

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12
Q

schizophrenia is thought to be partially due to increase what signaling

A

dopamine in certain neural areas

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13
Q

what are the theorized dopamine pathways affected in schizophrenia

A

prefrontal cortical: inadequate dopaminergic activity responsible for negative symptoms
mesolithic: excessive dopaminergic signaling responsible for positive symptoms

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14
Q

what other neurotransmitters are implicated in schizophrenia

A

serotonin- elevated
norepinephrine- elevated
GABA- decreased
glutamate- decreased

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15
Q

what is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia

A

0.3-0.7%

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16
Q

what evidence is there of genetic predisposition of schizoprhenia

A

50% twin concordance
40% risk of inheritance if both parents have it
12% risk if one first-degree relative has it

17
Q

what is akathisia

A

an unpleasant, subjective sense of restlessness and need to move, often manifested by the inability to sit still

seen in disturbances to nigrostriatial pathway of dopamine

18
Q

what is the risk of an identical twin having schizophrenia if the other does

A

50%

19
Q

CT and MRI of schizophrenia may show what

A

enlargement of ventricles and defuse cortical atrophy and reduced brain volume

20
Q

what factors are associated with a better outcome of schizophrenia

A 
later onset
good social support
positive symptoms
mood symptoms
acute onset
fame gender
few relapses
good premarin functioning
21
Q

what factors are associated with a poor outcome of schizophrenia

A 
early onset
poor social support
negative symptoms
family history
gradual onset
male gender
many relapses
comorbid substance use
poor premorbid functioning (social isolation)
22
Q

what is the treatment of schizophrenia

A

multimodal approach is most affective

therapy tailored to patients needs

23
Q

schizophrenia often inlaces NEOLOGISMS, what are those

A

newly coined word or expression that has meaning only to the person who uses it

24
Q

what are the first-generation (TYPICAL) antipsychotics and how do they work

A

chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, perphenazine
dopamine (D2) antagonists
treat POSITIVE SYMPTOMS with minimal impact on negative

25
Q

what are the side effects of first-generation (TYPICAL) antipsychotics

A

extrapyramidal symptoms
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
tardive dyskinesia

26
Q

what are the second-generation (ATYPICAL) antipsychotics and how do they work

A 
ariprazole, asenaphine, clozapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, alanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone
antagonize serotonin (5-HT2) and dopamine (D4>D2)

take for 4 weeks before determining efficacy

27
Q

research has shown what difference in efficacy of 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics

A

none (weight risks and benefits)

2nd generation less EPS side effects but more risk for metabolic issues

28
Q

what is the role of behavioral therapy in schizophrenia

A

attempt to improve patients ability to function in society

family and group therapy are useful adjuncts

Psych (35 decks)

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