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EMT 104 > Chapter 7 Principles of Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route

A

inhalation

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2
Q

Into the bone; a medication delivery route

A

intraosseous (IO)

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3
Q

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.

A

enteral medications

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4
Q

Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route

A

subcutaneous (SC) injection

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5
Q

The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its “trade names”); the name is not capitalized.

A

generic name

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6
Q

A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing arteries to dilate; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.

A

nitrogylcerin

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7
Q

Medication that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician’s order.

A

prescription medications

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8
Q

A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without it.

A

oxygen

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9
Q

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.

A

oral glucose

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10
Q

By mouth; a medication delivery route.

A

oral

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11
Q

An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route.

A

intravenous (IV) injection

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12
Q

A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.

A

suspension

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13
Q

A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris.

A

intranasal (IN)

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14
Q

A substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction.

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

The process by which medication works on the body.

A

pharmacodynamics

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16
Q

A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.

A

solution

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17
Q

When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication.

A

patient-assisted medication

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18
Q

Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient.

A

unintended effects

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19
Q

Actions that can be harmful to the patient.

A

untoward effects

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20
Q

Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.

A

sublingual (SL)

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21
Q

The process of binding or sticking to a surface.

A

adsorption

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22
Q

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.

A

antagonist

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23
Q

An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.

A

intramuscular (IM) injection

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24
Q

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.

A

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

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25
Q

A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping).

A

aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid or ASA)

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26
Q

Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.

A

per rectum (PR)

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27
Q

The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.

A

indications

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28
Q

Through the skin; a medication delivery route.

A

transcutaneous (transdermal)

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29
Q

The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient’s size and age.

A

dose

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30
Q

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate; for example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help or may actually harm a patient.

A

contraindications

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31
Q

When the EMT administers medication to him or herself or to a partner.

A

peer-assisted medication

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32
Q

Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.

A

topical medications

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33
Q

Through the mouth; a medication delivery route.

A

per os (PO)

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34
Q

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.

A

agonist

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35
Q

Medications that may be purchased by a patient without a prescription.

A

over-the-counter (OTC) medications

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36
Q

A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.

A

medication

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37
Q

A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in a capsule form or through plastic tubes.

A

gel

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38
Q

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.

A

absorption

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39
Q

The study of the properties and effects of medications.

A

pharmacology

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40
Q

Any effects of medication other than the desired ones.

A

side effects

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41
Q

The effect that a medication is expected to have on the body.

A

intended effect

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42
Q

A condition characterized by a low blood glucose level

A

hypoglycemia

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43
Q

Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes.

A

parenteral medications

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44
Q

A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril.

A

mucosal atomizer device (MAD)

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45
Q

The therapeutic effect of medication on the body.

A

action

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46
Q

When the EMT directly administers the medication to the patient.

A

EMT-administered medication

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47
Q

An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. It is carried on the EMS unit.

A

activated charcoal

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48
Q

The simultaneous use of multiple medications as typically seen in elderly people.

A

polypharmacy

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49
Q

The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.

A

trade name

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50
Q

Activated Charcoal: Administration

A

EMT-administered

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51
Q

Activated Charcoal: Indications

A

oral ingestion of toxic substances

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52
Q

Activated Charcoal: Contraindications

A

ingestion of caustics or hydrocarbons, decreased LOC, unstable airway

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53
Q

Activated Charcoal: Side Effects

A

Nausea & Vomiting, Dark tarry stool

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54
Q

Activated Charcoal: Action

A

Adsorbs toxic substances in the digestive tract

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55
Q

Activated Charcoal: Route

A

PO (by mouth)

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56
Q

Activated Charcoal: Adult dose

A

1 gram per kilogram (1g/kg)

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57
Q

Nitroglycerin: Administration

A

patient-assisted

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58
Q

Nitroglycerin: Action

A

dilates blood vessels

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59
Q

Nitroglycerin: Indications

A

chest pain due to myocardial infarction or angina

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60
Q

Nitroglycerin: Contraindications

A

hypotension, drugs taken for erectile dysfunction within the last 24 hours

61
Q

Nitroglycerin: Routes

A

sublingual: spray or tablet

62
Q

Nitroglycerin: Side Effects

A

headache, burning under tongue, hypotension, nausea

63
Q

Nitroglycerin: Dose

A

.4 mg tablet or spray (x3)

64
Q

Oral Glucose: Administration

A

EMT-administered

65
Q

Oral Glucose: Action

A

provides glucose for the cells

66
Q

Oral Glucose: Indications

A

low blood glucose (hypoglycemia)

67
Q

Oral Glucose: Contraindications

A

decreases level of consciousness, nausea & vomiting

68
Q

Oral Glucose: Routes

A

PO (buccal)

69
Q

Oral Glucose: Side Effects

A

nausea & vomiting

70
Q

Oral Glucose: Dose

A

½ to 1 tube

71
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Administration

A

EMT administered

72
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Trade Name

A

Bayer

73
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Action

A

prevents platelets from clumping, thereby decreasing formation of new clots. anti pyretic and anti-inflammatory.

74
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Indications

A

chest pain when considering myocardial infarction

75
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, bleeding disorders

76
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Routes

A

PO (by mouth)

77
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Side Effects

A

nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions

78
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Adult Dose

A

160-354 mg (2-4 81mg chewable tablets)

79
Q

Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Administration

A

EMT-administered

80
Q

Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Actions

A

stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation and vasoconstriction

81
Q

Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Indications

A

severe allergic reaction

82
Q

Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Contraindications

A

myocardial infarction, hypothermia, hypertension

83
Q

Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Route

A

Intramuscular (auto-injector)

84
Q

Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Side Effects

A

hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness

85
Q

Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Adult Dose

A

1 auto-injector (Adult .30mg, Child .15mg)

86
Q

Oxygen: Administration

A

EMT-administered

87
Q

Oxygen: Action

A

reverses hypoxia, provides oxygen to be absorbed by lungs

88
Q

Oxygen: Indications

A

hypoxia or suspected hypoxia

89
Q

Oxygen: Contraindications

A

very rarely in patient with COPD. No open flames

90
Q

Oxygen: Route

A

gas, inhalation

91
Q

Oxygen: Side Effects

A

decreased respiratory effort in rare COPD patient

92
Q

Oxygen: Adult Dose

A

via NRB: 10-15 Lpm; via BVM: 15 Lpm; via Nasal; 2-6 Lpm

93
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Trade names

A

Proventil, Ventolin, Albuterol

94
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Administration

A

patient-assisted

95
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Actions

A

stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation

96
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Indications

A

asthma/difficulty breathing with wheezing

97
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, tachycardia, myocardial infarction

98
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Route

A

inhalation

99
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Side Effects

A

hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness

100
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Adult Dose

A

1-2 inhalations. wait 5 minutes before repeating dose

101
Q

Define: absorption

A

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.

102
Q

Define: action

A

The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.

103
Q

Define: activated charcoal

A

An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. Charcoal is ground into a very fine powder that provides the greatest possible surface area for binding medications that have been taken by mouth; it is carried on the EMS unit.

104
Q

Define: adsorption

A

The process of binding or sticking to a surface.

105
Q

Define: agonist

A

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.

106
Q

Define: antagonist

A

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.

107
Q

Define: aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)

A

A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and potent inhibitor or platelet aggregation (clumping).

108
Q

Define: contraindications

A

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate, for example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help or may actually harm a patient.

109
Q

Define: dose

A

The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient’s size and age.

110
Q

Define: EMT-administered medication

A

When the EMT directly administers the medication to the patient.

111
Q

Define: enteral medications

A

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.

112
Q

Define: epinephrine

A

A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.

113
Q

Define: gel

A

A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.

114
Q

Define: generic name

A

The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its “trade names”); the name is not capitalized.

115
Q

Define: hypoglycemia

A

An abnormally low blood glucose level.

116
Q

Define: indications

A

The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.

117
Q

Define: inhalation

A

Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route.

118
Q

Define: intended effect

A

The effect that a medication is expected to have on the body.

119
Q

Define: intramuscular (IM) injection

A

An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.

120
Q

Define: intranasal (IN)

A

A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the nare.

121
Q

Define: intraosseous (IO)

A

Into the bone; a medication delivery route.

122
Q

Define: intravenous (IV) injection

A

An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route.

123
Q

Define: medication

A

A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.

124
Q

Define: metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

A miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled.

125
Q

Define: mucosal atomizer device (MAD)

A

A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and pushes it into a nostril.

126
Q

Define: nitrogylcerin

A

A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing arteries to dilate; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.

127
Q

Define: oral

A

By mouth; a medication delivery route

128
Q

Define: oral glucose

A

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.

129
Q

Define: over-the-counter (OTC) medications

A

Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription.

130
Q

Define: oxygen

A

A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without oxygen.

131
Q

Define: parenteral medications

A

Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes.

132
Q

Define: patient-assisted medication

A

When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication.

133
Q

Define: peer-assisted medication

A

When the EMT administers medication to him or herself or to a partner.

134
Q

Define: per os (PO)

A

Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral.

135
Q

Define: per rectum (PR)

A

Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.

136
Q

Define: pharmacodynamics

A

The process by which a medication works on the body.

137
Q

Define: pharmacology

A

The study of the properties and effects of medications.

138
Q

Define: polypharmacy

A

The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.

139
Q

Define: prescription medications

A

Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician’s order.

140
Q

Define: side effects

A

Any effects of a medication other than the desired ones.

141
Q

Define: solution

A

A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.

142
Q

Define: subcutaneous (SC) injection

A

Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.

143
Q

Define: sublingual (SL)

A

Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.

144
Q

Define: suspension

A

A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.

145
Q

Define: topical medications

A

Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surace of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.

146
Q

Define: trade name

A

The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.

147
Q

Define: transcutaneous (transdermal)

A

Through the skin; a medication delivery route.

148
Q

Define: unintended effect

A

Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient.

149
Q

Define: untoward effects

A

Actions that can be harmful to the patient.

EMT 104 (20 decks)

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