Chapter 17 Endocrine and Hematologic Emergenicies Flashcards
A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.
Thrombophilia
An abnormally high glucose level in the blood.
Hyperglycemia
One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.
Glucose
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin.
Diabetes mellitus
The study and prevention of blood-related disorders.
Hematology
A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells.
Hemolytic crisis
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism. They regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature.
Hormones
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin in not available in the body.
Kussmaul respirations
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination.
Polydipsia
A condition characterized by a low blood glucose level.
Hypoglycemia
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body.
Acidosis
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.
Endocrine system
A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.
Sickle cell disease
Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.
Hypoglycemic crisis
A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemic crisis
A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cess; typically caused by infection.
Aplastic crisis
Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger.
Polyphagia
A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system.
Thrombosis
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body.
Endocrine glands
An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease.
Splenic sequestration crisis
Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.
Vaso-occlusive crisis
The type of diabetic crisis that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications.
Type 2 diabetes
The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires insulin for proper treatment and control.
Type 1 diabetes
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine.
Polyuria
A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding.
Hemophilia
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus.
Insulin
