Chapter 17 Endocrine and Hematologic Emergenicies

Question 1

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.

Answer 1

Thrombophilia

Question 2

An abnormally high glucose level in the blood.

Answer 2

Hyperglycemia

Question 3

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin.

Answer 4

Diabetes mellitus

Question 5

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders.

Answer 5

Hematology

Question 6

A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells.

Answer 6

Hemolytic crisis

Question 7

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.

Answer 7

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 8

Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism. They regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature.

Answer 8

Hormones

Question 9

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin in not available in the body.

Answer 9

Kussmaul respirations

Question 10

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination.

Answer 10

Polydipsia

Question 11

A condition characterized by a low blood glucose level.

Answer 11

Hypoglycemia

Question 12

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body.

Answer 12

Acidosis

Question 13

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.

Answer 13

Endocrine system

Question 14

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.

Answer 14

Sickle cell disease

Question 15

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.

Answer 15

Hypoglycemic crisis

Question 16

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia.

Answer 16

Hyperglycemic crisis

Question 17

A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cess; typically caused by infection.

Answer 17

Aplastic crisis

Question 18

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger.

Answer 18

Polyphagia

Question 19

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system.

Answer 19

Thrombosis

Question 20

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body.

Answer 20

Endocrine glands

Question 21

An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease.

Answer 21

Splenic sequestration crisis

Question 22

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.

Answer 22

Vaso-occlusive crisis

Question 23

The type of diabetic crisis that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications.

Answer 23

Type 2 diabetes

Question 24

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires insulin for proper treatment and control.

Answer 24

Type 1 diabetes

Question 25

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine.

Answer 25

Polyuria

Question 26

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding.

Answer 26

Hemophilia

Question 27

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus.

Answer 27

Insulin