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EMT 104 > Chapter 12 Medical Overview > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Medical Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually caused by a virus or bacterium

A

meningitis

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2
Q

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing.

A

nature of illness (NOI)

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3
Q

Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury.

A

index of suspicion

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4
Q

Emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to a patient’s body.

A

trauma emergencies

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5
Q

Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms.

A

severe acute respiratory syndroms (SARS)

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6
Q

Virus caused by human herpesviruses 1 and 2, characterized by small blisters whose location depends on the type of virus. Type 2 results in blisters on the genital area, while type 1 results in blisters in nongenital areas.

A

herpes simplex virus

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7
Q

The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease.

A

virulence

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8
Q

A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brains and kidneys.

A

tuberculosis (TB)

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9
Q

Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force.

A

medical emergencies

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10
Q

A bacterium that causes infection in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; can be found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract.

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

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11
Q

The virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A

HIV

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12
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Only when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream. E.g., via sexual contact or exposure to blood or body fluids.

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13
Q

The initial infection with this disease produces a lesion called a chancre. Chancres are most commonly located in the genital region.

A

Syphilis

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14
Q

How is syphilis transmitted?

A

Sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact

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15
Q

Inflammation of the liver

A

Hepatitis

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16
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral, infected food or drink

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17
Q

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Blood, sexual contact, saliva, urine, breast milk

18
Q

How is hepatitis C transmitted?

A

Blood, sexual contact

19
Q

How is hepatitis D transmitted?

A

Blood, sexual contact

20
Q

How is toxin-induced Hepatitis transmitted?

A

Inhalation, skin or mucous membrane exposure, oral ingestion, or intravenous administration

21
Q

What type of hepatitis is not contagious?

A

toxin-induced hepatitis

22
Q

Early signs of viral hepatitis?

A

Loss of appetite, vomiting, fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, and muscle and joint pain.

23
Q

Later signs of viral hepatitis?

A

Jaundice and RUQ pain

24
Q

Can be transmitted only from a patient who has an acute infection.

A

Hepatitis A

25
Q

Can be transmitted from long-term carriers who have no signs of illness.

A

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

26
Q

For which type(s) of hepatitis is there a vaccine available?

A

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B

27
Q

For which type(s) of hepatitis is no vaccine available?

A

Hepatitis C and hepatitis D

28
Q

For which type(s) of hepatitis is no treatment available?

A

Hepatitis A and hepatitis D

29
Q

For which type(s) of hepatitis is a minimally effective treatment available?

A

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

30
Q

Signs and symptoms of meningitis?

A

Fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status

31
Q

What personal protective equipment is effective in preventing contraction of meningitis?

A

gloves and a mask to prevent the patient’s secretions from getting into your nose and mouth

32
Q

How is respiratory tuberculosis transmitted?

A

airborne transmission

33
Q

What PPE is required to prevent contamination of respiratory tuberculosis?

A

HEPA mask

34
Q

An airborne disease caused by bacteria that mostly affects children younger than 6 years.

A

Whooping cough

35
Q

Signs and symptoms of whooping cough?

A

Fever and a “whoop” sound that occurs when the patient tries to inhale after a coughing attack.

36
Q

The best way to prevent exposure to whooping cough.

A

Place a mask on the patient and on yourself.

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of MRSA?

A

Localized skin abscesses, and sepsis in older patients.

38
Q

How is MRSA transmitted in health care settings?

A

Patient to patient via unwashed hands of health care providers.

39
Q

How is hantavirus transmitted?

A

Through rodent urine and droppings

40
Q

How is West Nile Virus transmitted?

A

Mosquito

EMT 104 (20 decks)

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