Chapter 7-Photosynthesis

Question 0

C3 plant

Answer 0

Plant that fixes carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle; the first stable product of C3 photosynthesis is a 3-carbon compound.

Question 1

ATP synthase

Answer 1

Complex of proteins in the cristae of mitochondria and thylakoid membrane of chloroplast that produces ATP from the diffusion of hydrogen ions across a membrane.

Question 2

C4 plant

Answer 2

Plant that fixes carbon dioxide to produce a C4 molecule that releases carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle

Question 3

Calvin cycle reaction

Answer 3

Portion of photosynthesis that takes place in the stems of chloroplast and can occur in the dark; it uses the products of light reactions to reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate.

Question 4

CAM

Answer 4

Crassulacean-acid metabolism; a form of photosynthesis in succulent plants that separates the light-dependent and Calvin reactions by time.

Question 5

Carbon dioxide fixation

Answer 5

the conversion process of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic compounds by living organisms.

Question 6

Carotenoid

Answer 6

any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, which give color to plant parts such as ripe tomatoes and autumn leaves. They are terpenoids based on a structure having the formula C40H56.

Question 7

Chemiosmosis

Answer 7

the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. More specifically, it relates to the generation of ATP by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Question 8

Chlorophyll

Answer 8

a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.

Question 9

Cyclic electron pathway

Answer 9

A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen.

Question 10

Electron transport system

Answer 10

a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.

Question 11

Granum

Answer 11

A stacked membranous structure within a chloroplast that contains the chlorophyll and is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Light reaction

Answer 12

the reaction that occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Question 13

Noncyclic electron pathway

Answer 13

The combined action of photosystem II and photosystem I in which electrons flow in a linear manner to produce NADPH.

Question 14

Photorespiration

Answer 14

a respiratory process in many higher plants by which they take up oxygen in the light and give out some carbon dioxide, contrary to the general pattern of photosynthesis.

Question 15

Photosynthesis

Answer 15

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Question 16

Photosystem

Answer 16

a biochemical mechanism in plants by which chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. There are two such mechanisms ( photosystems I and II ) involving different chlorophyll-protein complexes.

Question 17

RuBP carboxylase

Answer 17

An enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants to energy-rich molecules such as glucose.

Question 18

Stomata

Answer 18

A minute opening in leaves, stems, etc. in which gases are exchanged

Question 19

Stroma

Answer 19

the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels.
the spongy framework of protein fibers in a red blood cell or platelet.

Question 20

Thylakoid

Answer 20

each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.