Chapter 11 terms-Mendelian Genetics

Question 0

Autosome

Answer 0

Chromosome pairs that are the same between the sexes; in humans, all but the X and Y chromosomes

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Alternative form of a gene; alleles occur at the same locus on homologous chromosomes

Question 2

Carrier

Answer 2

Heterozygous individual who has no apparent abnormality but can pass on an allele for a recessively inherited genetic disorder

Question 3

Codominance

Answer 3

Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed in a heterozygote

Question 4

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 4

Cross between parents that differ in two traits

Question 5

Dominant allele

Answer 5

Allele that exerts its phenotype effect in the heterozygote; it masks the expression of the recessive allele

Question 6

Epistasis

Answer 6

The interaction of genes that are not alleles, in particular the suppression of the effect of one such gene by another

Question 7

Gene Iocus

Answer 7

The location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits; often designated by letters-for example BB or Aa

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

Possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait

Question 10

Incomplete dominance

Answer 10

Inheritance pattern in which an offspring has an intermediate phenotype, as when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring

Question 11

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 11

Cross between parents that differ in only one trait

Question 12

Multifactorial

Answer 12

A pattern of familial inheritance resulting from multiple genetic or environmental factors or from a combination of both

Question 13

Multiple alleles

Answer 13

Inheritance pattern in which there are more than two alleles for a particular trait; each individual has only two of all possible alleles

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

Visible expression of a genotype-e.g., brown eyes or attached earlobes

Question 15

Pleiotropy

Answer 15

Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual

Question 16

Polygenetic inheritance

Answer 16

Pattern of inheritance in which a trait is controlled by several allele pairs

Question 17

Punnett square

Answer 17

Visual representation developed by Reginald Punnett that is used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses

Question 18

Recessive allele

Answer 18

Allele that exerts its phenotype effect only in the homozygote; its expression is masked by a dominant allele

Question 19

Testcross

Answer 19

Cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype and an individual with a recessive phenotype to determine whether the dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous.

Question 20

Wild type

Answer 20

The phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature. (Standard normal allele at locus in contrast to that produced by a non-standard mutant allele)